65 20 1884 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sara Hood Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Andrew Dunn Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-27 Description An account of the resource Christopher James Bishop, known as Jamie in his five years at UNC, was killed Monday in the tragedy that left 33 dead on the campus of Virginia Tech. He was 35. Bishop worked as an academic technology liaison at UNC from 2000 until 2005 with the Office of Arts & Sciences Information Services. He also taught an intermediate German course in 2004. He left UNC to become an adjunct instructor of German and a technology trainer with the Faculty Development Institute at Va. Tech. He was leading a class in introductory German at about 9:50 a.m. Monday when the gunman aimed at his head and fired, The Washington Post reported Tuesday. "Jamie&#39;s thoughtfulness, energy and laughter made him a wonderful peer and friend to many," his former co-workers said in a collective statement. "His legacy continues to shape the education of thousands of students to this day." Bishop first was hired at UNC as a temporary employee in 2000, his former supervisor, Jason Li, said. Bishop later was hired as a full-time employee, working with instructors in language departments and providing one-on-one training in computer applications. "He was such a motivated, dedicated employee," Li said. Charlie Green, associate vice chancellor for teaching and learning at Information Technology Services, looked back fondly on his time working with Bishop. "He was a creative thinker," Green said. "He was someone who saw technology as a creative tool." One innovation of Bishop&#39;s was a way to record students&#39; language practice through laptops. Previously, students had to tape-record their practice and physically bring the tape to their instructor, Green said. Bishop crafted a software package to record and send the practice digitally - which is of much higher quality and much more efficient. But Bishop&#39;s value was more than just in his work. "He cared about people," Green said. "He would spend a lot of time making sure people he worked with had everything they needed." Green said this aspect of his personality is reflected in the fact that Bishop was nominated for an Information Technology award - designed to reward versatility and willingness to go beyond the call of duty - each year he was at UNC. Bishop&#39;s wife, Stefanie Hofer, earned her Ph.D. in Germanic languages from UNC and later taught with Bishop in the German program at Va. Tech. Bishop was a Fulbright scholar at Christian-Albrechts University in Kiel, Germany, and lived in Heidelberg from 1995 to 1996. He earned his bachelor&#39;s and master&#39;s in German at the University of Georgia. Bishop was also a prolific artist. He had posted an extensive gallery of photos, multimedia projects, graphic designs for book covers and computer-generated images on his Web site - www.memory39.com. "He was a member of our family," Green said. "He will be deeply missed." -- Original Source: <a href=http://media.www.dailytarheel.com/media/storage/paper885/news/2007/04/18/University/Professor.Who.Died.In.Tragedy.Worked.At.Unc-2848420.shtml>Daily Tar Heel - April 18, 2007</a> Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Daily Tar Heel Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kevin Schwartz <kschwartz@unc.edu> Title A name given to the resource Professor who died in tragedy worked at UNC jamie bishop unc university affiliation Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Na Mi Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 余虹 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-27 Description An account of the resource 作者：余虹 文章来源：南方周末 更新时间：2007-6-7 【弗吉尼亚理工大学举行的悼念仪式上，放飞的气球是３３个，敲响的丧钟是３３声，而马加爵被枪决后的骨灰至今还孤独清冷地在那里没人收留，包括他的父母。　　 一名凶手开枪打死了３２个人，凶手本人饮弹自尽。在守夜仪式上他们点燃了３３根蜡烛，为３３个生命祈祷。牧师看着３３根蜡烛说："当那名凶手在开枪的时候，我相信他的灵魂在地狱里，而此刻，我相信上帝也和他的灵魂在一起，他也是一个受伤的灵魂。" 　　与３３根蜡烛形成鲜明对比的，是马加爵被枪决后的骨灰至今还孤独清冷地在那里没人收留，包括他的父母。】 弗吉尼亚理工大学枪击事件发生的时候，我正在波士顿大学做访问学者。一名凶手开枪打死了３２个人，凶手本人饮弹自尽。刚听到这一消息时有些震动，但震动很快过去了，因为这种事听多了见多了；当风闻凶手是中国人时有些不安，毕竟自己是中国人，仿佛自己也脱不了干系，但不安很快也消失了，因不久便有更正，凶手不是中国人；再听说美国人在悼念活动中竟连凶手也一起悼念，我惊讶了，这惊讶久久不能平息。 一天在去波士顿大学的途中，一名同行的中国留学生对我讲了事发第二天晚上他们社区的守夜祈祷。她告诉我在守夜仪式上他们点燃了３３根蜡烛，为３３个生命祈祷，这让我惊讶。她向我转述了守夜仪式上人们的悲伤以及他们的言谈，其中一位牧师的话让我惊讶。这位牧师看着３３根蜡烛说："这里的每一根蜡烛都象征着一个生命，它们现在都很平静，我相信他们都在上帝那里得到了安息。当那名凶手在开枪的时候，我相信他的灵魂在地狱里，而此刻，我相信上帝也和他的灵魂在一起，他也是一个受伤的灵魂。" 这之后，我又看了一些相关报道，这些报道继续让我惊讶。在弗吉尼亚理工大学４月２０日中午举行的悼念仪式上，放飞的气球是３３个，敲响的丧钟是３３声。次日，安放在校园中心广场草坪上半圆的石灰岩悼念碑是３３块，其中一块碑上写着"２００７年４月１６日赵承熙"。赵承熙的悼念碑旁边也放着鲜花和蜡烛，还有一些人留下的纸条。其中有两个纸条这样写着："希望你知道我并没有太生你的气，不憎恨你。你没有得到任何帮助和安慰，对此我感到非常心痛。所有的爱都包含在这里。劳拉"；"赵，你大大低估了我们的力量、勇气与关爱。你已伤了我们的心，但你并未伤了我们的灵魂。我们变得比从前更坚强更骄傲。我从未如此因身为弗吉尼亚理工学生而感到骄傲。最后，爱，是永远流传的。艾琳。" 再后来，我在网上和报上发现，不只是我一个中国人对美国人的做法感到惊讶和意外，很多中国人都如此。就在我听到那名波士顿大学中国留学生对守夜仪式的转述之后，我便打电话问了国内的几位研究生和朋友。我的问题是："如果我们要为这次事件举行一个悼念仪式，我们会烧几炷香？"他们几乎不假思索地回答：３２炷。当我告诉他们美国人的做法时，他们也惊讶了。 于是，一个问题缠绕着我，让我久久不能平静："３３"这个数字为什么让我们惊讶？为什么我们只想到"３２"而不会想到"３３"？那个让我们惊讶和意外的"３３"究竟意味着什么？没有"３３"的地方缺少什么？为什么我们只有"３２"的悲伤经验，而没有"３３"的悲伤经验？换句话说，为什么在我们的悲伤经验中没有凶手的位置？为什么凶手理应是愤恨的对象，而非悲伤的对象？ 悲伤的经验起于爱，我们因爱被害者而悲伤，当悲伤将凶手包含在其中时，爱同样给予了凶手。我们所惊讶并陌生的就是这种爱：对凶手何以不恨而爱？这是一种什么样的爱？ 在枪击事件发生后，我们至少看到三种截然不同的感受与反应：第一种是为受害者悲伤，憎恨凶手，这是最为通常的悲伤经验，它的前提是善恶区分，特点是爱憎分明；第二种反应因受害者是敌人而幸灾乐祸，这里没有悲伤只有快乐，没有爱只有恨，它的前提是敌我区分；第三种反应是既为受害者悲伤也为凶手悲伤，它的信念是一切生命都有同样的价值，或者说生命的价值高于一般的善恶敌我区分的价值。 我们熟悉第一、第二种，而惊讶和陌生于第三种。那第三种感受与反应中就有我们不熟悉的爱。于是我想问：我们熟悉的爱是什么？它与我们不熟悉的爱有什么不同？ 我们熟悉的爱乃有分别的世俗之爱，不熟悉的爱乃无分别的神圣之爱。 一般来说，世俗之爱主要有两种形式：１．以亲疏敌我区分为基础的爱；２．以善恶是非区分为基础的爱。第一种爱是最原始本能的爱，是本能的自我之爱或自爱，它的基础是利害关系，即对我有利者爱，对我无利者不爱，对我有害者恨；对我有大利者大爱，对我有小利者小爱；对我有小害者小恨，对我有大害者大恨。由于血缘关系是最原始本能的利害关系，所以血缘上的亲疏远近决定了爱的等差或爱与不爱，而当亲疏关系恶化为敌我关系时，等差之爱便转换成了恨与爱的对立。通常的自私自利、狭隘的爱国主义、民族主义、地方主义中深藏的就是这种爱，而所谓阶级斗争中也活跃着这种爱。在这种爱的背后可能潜藏着对他国、他族、他乡、他人、别的阶级的疏离、冷漠甚至仇恨。这种爱是我们最熟悉的爱，也是我们习以为常并在无意识中践行的爱。在那种因受害者是敌人而幸灾乐祸的感受中，我们看到了这种爱的极端样式。第二种爱是文明程度很高的爱，它的根据是社会正义和道德善恶，即对义者爱，对不义者不爱，对大不义者恨；对善者爱，对小恶者不爱，对大恶者恨。这种爱也是我们所熟悉的，在为受害者悲伤而怨恨凶手的悲伤经验中，我们看到的是这种爱，在狭隘的道德主义情感和律法主义情感中我们看到的也是这种爱。 显然，让我们惊讶的爱是另一种爱。这种爱超越了所有世俗之爱的偏爱与选择，它不以亲疏敌我、义与不义、善恶是非的区分为前提和条件，它爱人如己，爱义人也爱不义的人，爱善人也爱恶人，"３３"这个数字就是这种爱的见证。这种爱只有爱而没有恨，那是一种来自基督启示并在长期的信仰实践中培育起来的神圣之爱。 一种"爱敌人"、"爱恶人"的爱的确让我们惊讶，一种"与恨彻底割断了牵连"的爱的确让我们意外。尽管在我们的传统中也有宽恕、大度、以德报冤、相逢一笑泯恩仇的美德，但却是一些太过脆弱的美德，它不仅缺乏强大的文化观念支持和信仰实践的支撑，更是在以牙还牙、爱憎分明的腥风血雨中不堪一击。 "恨"是一种原始的非理性情结，也是一种传统的道德理性情结，它们都寄生于世俗之爱。爱亲友与恨敌人二位一体，于是有"对敌人的同情就是对同志的残忍"之论；爱善人与恨恶人一体不可分，于是有"疾恶如仇、爱憎分明"之说。有爱就有恨，仿佛天经地义，亘古不移。然而，十字架上的真理却见证了另一种爱，一种与恨分离的爱。耶稣说："爱你们的敌人并为那些迫害你们的人祷告......天父的光既照好人也照坏人；天父的雨既给义人也给不义的人。"（《马太福音》）耶稣一生的讲道与践行都在向人们启示这种无条件、无分别、化恨为爱的爱。这种爱经过两千多年的基督信仰传播，已成为西方文明中最有价值的一部分，并铸造了一种相当普遍的信念和实践态度，于是才有了"３３"那个令我们惊讶的数字。 一种化恨为爱的爱并不是与社会正义相冲突的爱，并不是不要社会正义的爱，而是一种在正义的要求与践行中将爱贯彻到底的爱。一个有圣爱情怀的人也会主张惩罚凶手，因为一个人必须为自己的罪行承担责任，这是社会正义的基本要求，但他不会怀着对罪犯的仇恨来实施这种惩罚，而是在惩罚中有一种巨大的悲伤和怜悯，他会因一个生命被罪行所毁而痛惜，他会为罪人的不幸堕落而伤心。这种爱对己是一种悲剧性的告诫，因为自己也可能犯罪；对罪犯是一种同情式的惋惜，它会撼动罪犯内心那顽固的恨。与之相反，如果我们把惩罚罪犯的正义要求变成对他的深仇大恨，把对罪犯的惩罚变成一种泄恨的方式，恨就不仅会中断我们对自己可能犯罪的警醒，还会强化我们由正义要求而滋生的恨。至于对罪犯，这种恨会让他更为凄凉地走上不归路，并与自己的恨纠缠不清。 其实无论是民众对凶手的恨，还是凶手对被害者的恨，都可能是一种出于正义要求的恨。赵承熙杀人的直接心理意向是恨。在遗书中他说："你们要什么有什么。光有宾士轿车还不够，你们这些被宠坏了的家伙，有了金项链还嫌不够，有了伏特加酒和干邑白兰地酒还嫌不够，你们放浪形骸还嫌不够。"在录像带上他充满怨恨地说："你们原本有１０００亿个机会可以避免今天这种下场，却把我逼到墙角，让我只剩下一个选择，这是你们自己决定的。"显然赵承熙的恨出于他对社会公义和道德之善的坚持，这种恨的积累使他失去了以恰当的态度来对待不公与不善的理性，最后致使他疯狂地走向犯罪，并将这种犯罪看作是伸张正义的壮举，为此他才说："我死得像耶稣基督一样悲壮，得以启发后世的弱者和弱势族群。"赵承熙的凶杀让我想起了三年前杀死四位同学的马加爵。在执行死刑前记者问他："你是想通过杀人发泄什么？"马加爵回答："恨，反正那段时间真的是很恨他们......他们不光说我打牌作弊，而且说我平时为人怎么怎么样。他们说的与我一直以来想象中的自己很不同，我恨他们。"记者又问："有没有想过去和他们谈谈，交换一下看法呢？"马加爵回答："没想过，不可能的，当时只想到恨......那段时间每天都在恨。必须要做这些事，才能泄恨，至于后果是什么，没去想。"在遗书中他说："我决定给那些歧视穷苦人、蔑视穷苦人的人一个教训，我决定给那些无情践踏、残忍蹂躏穷苦人人格尊严的人一个教训。"显然，马加爵的恨也有道德正义的理由：人格尊严不容侵犯，他也把杀人看作伸张正义的方式。 恨是一种非常危险的非理性激情，不管它来自何处，都可能导致罪，尤其是来自正义要求的恨。历史上形形色色以"正义之剑"杀人的罪实在是太多了，马、赵只不过是其中的小巫而已。以伸张正义之名而产生的恨可能导致十分邪恶的罪，于是，爱的问题最终将我们引向恨的难题。恨是一种非常隐蔽而顽固的罪恶之因，尤其是在正义的名义之下，因此，重要的不是道德上的是非，而是心理上的爱恨。也许，如何消除恨，才是杜绝罪恶的首要问题。显然，只有爱可以否定恨并战胜恨，而恨不仅不能否定恨和战胜恨，还是滋生恨的土壤，所谓"因恨生恨"。世俗的爱恨情仇之所以轮回不已，其主要根源就是它们之间割不断的纠缠。 与３３根蜡烛形成鲜明对比的是马加爵被枪决后的骨灰至今还孤独清冷地在那里没人收留，包括他的父母。马加爵的父亲说："骨灰我们不要了，就当我们没有这个儿子，让一切都过去吧！"马父真的不想要儿子的骨灰吗？马加爵所在村子的村主任马建伦对三年后来采访马家的记者说："马建夫一家老实本分，善良处世，但马加爵这个事天下皆知，让全家背上恶名，再把骨灰弄回来，他们怕再被人指脊梁骨啊！"不单有普通人指脊梁骨，还有社会机构的歧视，甚至执行死刑也不通知家属。种种不光彩的压力都让这个父亲难以坦然地处理儿子的后事，以至于马加爵的姐姐在听到弟弟被枪决后绝望地恳求社会和人们："我们会接受事实，但却有一个请求：请善待我们！" 与马加爵家人的不幸遭遇相比，赵承熙的家人就幸运多了。因为在美国社会的大多数公众眼里，他们也是受害者，甚至是更大的受害者。当赵的姐姐代表家人公开道歉后，马上有人在网上回帖说："这不是你或你家人的错误。" 我在前面提到的那名波士顿大学的中国留学生还告诉我这样一件事。有一次她和一位美国教授谈起这次凶杀事件，脱口而出说这次凶杀让３２个家庭失去了亲人，这个教授马上纠正她说："不，是３３个家庭失去了亲人。"对凶手及其家人的宽容，在美国民众中已是一种普遍的社会精神。１９９１年在美的中国留学生卢刚开枪打死了５名教师和同学，最后自尽。事后第三天，受害人之一的副校长安妮女士的三位兄弟就发表了一封给卢刚家人的公开信，信上说："安妮相信爱和宽恕。我们也愿意在这一沉重的时刻向你们伸出我们的手，请接受我们的爱和祈祷......此刻如果有一个家庭正承受比我们更沉重的悲痛的话，那就是你们一家。我们想让你们知道，我们与你们分担这一份悲痛......" 一个经过了神圣之爱洗礼的社会，是一个共同以爱来承担罪恶与不幸的社会，是一个化解仇恨的社会，那里的人有福了；一个没有经过神圣之爱洗礼的社会，是一个爱恨情仇轮回不已的社会，在此人们不仅世世代代饱尝了世态之炎凉和仇恨的苦果，也混混噩噩地参与了这种炎凉与仇恨的铸造。唉，１９世纪德国诗人里尔克的诗句又在我的耳边响起来了："既不了知痛苦 ／ 亦不懂得爱 ／那在死中携我们而去的东西／还深深地藏匿。" 什么时候，那陌生的爱才会进入我们的灵魂，成为中断爱恨情仇轮回的巨大力量？ -- Original Source:南方周末 <a href="http://www.yuwenonline.com/Article/news/shrd/200706/4636.html">http://www.yuwenonline.com/Article/news/shrd/200706/4636.html<a/> Language A language of the resource zh-Hans Title A name given to the resource 余虹：有一种爱我们还很陌生 仇� 弗�尼亚�工大学枪击事件 悼念仪� 爱 ３３根蜡烛 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Na Mi Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 沈柬 贝柴华 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-27 Description An account of the resource http://www.jrj.com　 2007年04月19日 05:00 第一财经日报 沈柬 贝柴华 　　"刚刚跟美国联邦调查局的人又谈话了，好在现在我已经不再是嫌疑犯。"江伟恩在自己的博客里写道。 　　就在24小时前，美国弗吉尼亚理工大学发生致死33人的枪击案，该校中国留学生江伟恩居然被美国个别媒体报道成杀人嫌犯。事后证明，这完全是一条严重的失实报道，真正的元凶其实是一名韩国学生。 　　对此，外交部发言人刘建超昨日表示："美个别媒体在事实未经查明之前发表不负责任的报道，违反了新闻职业道德，是十分错误的做法。我们已要求有关方面消除其负面影响。" 　　"乌龙报道"冤枉中国学生 　　枪击案发生不久，距离学校所在地布莱克斯堡数百公里远的一家报纸《芝加哥太阳报》率先捅出消息说，凶手是一名中国学生。该报专栏作者麦克·斯尼德还煞有介事地称，这名24岁的冷血杀手姓江，去年8月7日乘美国联合航空公司班机从上海飞抵旧金山。后来，影响颇大的FOX电视台也转播了这一报道。 　　FOX电视台的著名主持人李维拉甚至以莫须有的"诱导"口气来提问："假定这名枪手来自中国，是不是因为他来自社会主义国家，因此憎恶美国社会，并进行行凶？" 　　江伟恩在自己的博客上说，他是一名枪支爱好者，并且刚刚与女友分手。博客上也贴着很多他持枪的照片。亚裔、枪迷、刚和女友分手、弗吉尼亚理工大学学生，种种因素把江伟恩推向了人们关注的焦点。几个小时内，他的博客点击率刷新到了4万。 　　16日晚上10点29分，江伟恩"站"了出来。"我不是枪手。在整个事件过程中，我收到了无数个死亡威胁和诽谤指控，手机也因为接电话太多而没了钱，对此当地警方已了解了情况。" 　　他继续在博客里声称："我现在明确宣布，我不是凶手。我愿意接受媒体的采访，谈谈这件事情，证明我的清白。我还愿意就此发表我的看法，即如果其他学生也被允许持有枪支的话，事情可能没那么糟。" 　　其实还在江伟恩自己发布声明之前，对于《芝加哥太阳报》的内容，MSN新闻立即做了跟进，中国新闻社也跟进报道，随后，忍了半天的新浪、搜狐、腾讯网也进行了报道，甚至最后连CCTV的网站也做了相关播报。 　　"不错，我是亚裔，我在学校宿舍里住，我是VT（弗吉尼亚理工大学）的学生，我最近和女友分了手，我还喜欢枪械。但我不是凶手。"江伟恩16日在接受美国广播公司采访时说，自己还拥有美国联邦政府颁发的合法持枪证。 　　"昨晚是一个非常特殊的夜晚，我几乎难以入睡，情况这么复杂，我想我们那些同胞也都不敢去学校了。"不停地被媒体骚扰的江伟恩在第二天的博客里继续写道，"但是我相信媒体从现在开始，将不会使得人们正确的判断发生偏差了。" 　　按照江伟恩自己的陈述，警方之所以很快就将他排除嫌疑，原因有二：首先是他并不拥有本次案件中使用的那种口径的枪支；其次是提取的指纹也不符合。 　　17日上午，美国方面正式宣布，制造该国历史上最严重校园枪击案的凶手身份已经查明，是英语系学生、23岁的韩国人赵承熙。 　　为什么中国人容易被冤 　　虽然最终的消息使很多国人长舒了一口气，但海外华人的形象，还是因为"乌龙报道"而受到了难以挽回的损伤。 　　近年来，美国媒体"妖魔化"中国的倾向时有体现。曾多年任德国自民党主席的奥托·拉姆普斯道夫伯爵指出："早在2003年，美国工业联合会就指称，中国是造成美国2000年中期以来丧失270万个就业岗位的主要原因。这样对美国政府就形成了内政压力，这些情况不禁使人想起了20世纪70 年代的日本。" 　　也许正因为这样，尽管美国政府一直表示自己没有对中国存在偏见，但美国媒体从来没有停止过对"中国威胁"的含沙射影。 　　《华尔街日报》曾发表文章《另一个威胁正在逼近：中国作为一个新的妖魔》，批评美国国内存在将中国妖魔化的倾向。文章称："对中国妖魔化的活动眼下似乎正如火如荼。为了在冷战后的世界中物色一个能够替代原苏联的敌人，美国政治家在越来越大的程度上试图让中国人充当这个角色。" 　　"媒体的妖魔化做法一直存在着，一直没有变化。"2003年1月，清华大学教授李希光发表评论说，"我相信那种亨廷顿的理论——文明的冲突。哈佛大学的亨廷顿教授把这个妖魔化理论上升到极点，上升到文明的冲突。根据他的理论推理，要取得文明的胜利，只能是妖魔化对方。妖魔化就是为了文明的冲突和文明的胜利。" 　　而在个人层面，意大利《生活》杂志负责人胡兰波女士向《第一财经日报》表示，不管在意大利还是美国，由于文化的不同，中国人融入当地社会有比较大的困难。他们对当地主流社会的一切并没有多大兴趣，当地主流社会的人却特别留意外来移民，对外来人是否构成安全问题、工作竞争问题都十分关注。如此一来，难免在中国移民与当地主流社会之间"立起一堵墙"。 　　"而且，很多外国人从心底不希望中国富强，认为一切能源的涨价都与中国有关。这也对中国人在海外生存带来负面因素。"胡兰波称。 　　不会影响中美交往 　　也许正是上述政治的、经济的、文化的深层次原因，使得美国媒体总是避免不了对中国的报道偏见。然而对美国民众而言，这可能造成对他们的"冤枉"。 　　复旦大学美国研究中心的徐以骅教授认为，造成妖魔化中国的主要原因，是美国政府的不当政策。他说："相对而言美国民众是好的。因为美国人比较崇尚个人意识，他们认为个人的行为个人是要负责的，很少往民族上扣帽子。" 　　事实上，弗吉尼亚州州长凯恩昨天也对媒体表示，尽管发生了韩籍留学生枪杀32人的悲剧，他认为，枪案仅仅是个别案件，不会引发对亚裔学生的歧视，弗吉尼亚州立理工大学会继续对外籍学生开放。 　　凤凰卫视评论员阮次山认为："90％的美国媒体在这次报道中表现得比较成熟，而FOX电视台本来就是充满煽情的一个媒体，不能从他们的个别行为来看待美国社会，从而以为美国对中国很仇视。" 　　上海美国研究所副所长倪建平接受本报记者采访时也指出，中美之间近来交往正常，就算该案件是中国人干的，也只能当作个案来处理，并不会对中美关系产生结构性冲击。 　　而中国政府方面在这次事件中的反应——外交部部长李肇星第一时间致电美国国务卿表达慰问，外交部发言人也发表声明，希望民众不要胡乱猜测凶手的身份，"这些都是负责任的表现，也正是成熟大国的外交方式。"阮次山说。 -- Original Source:第一财经日报 <a href="http://finance.jrj.com.cn/news/2007-04-19/000002165336.html">http://finance.jrj.com.cn/news/2007-04-19/000002165336.html<a/> Language A language of the resource zh-Hans Title A name given to the resource 弗吉尼亚的枪声与被误伤的华人形象 冤枉 �客 �人形象 弗�尼亚的枪声 江伟� Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Na Mi Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 叶铁桥 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-27 Description An account of the resource 2007-04-20 10:22:04 新华网 在这起美国历史上最严重的校园枪击案中，部分新闻媒体的错误报道，使公众经受了一次心灵的考验。真相大白后，人们纷纷把矛头指向这些媒体，直言为媒体的表现感到愤怒和悲哀，并开始反思媒体在此次报道中所暴露 出的问题。 某门户网站一名编辑表示，对他们而言，转载了假新闻不知道算不算事故，但如果该新闻没得到确认之前，他们的竞争对手转载了，而他们漏掉了，那就算是事故，"这充分说明了网络媒体竞争的残酷性，我们现在最大的压力是，如何保证新闻首发，这样，有些消息就很难得到证实。" 有过20多年新闻从业经历的美国《大西洋月刊》专栏作家JamesFallows表示，"这个事件充分说明，新闻的精确性是何等重要，特别是在网络时代，特别是面对来自网上的信息资料。" 他说，这一事件再次提醒新闻从业者，应该牢记那个古老的新闻从业原则：你想报道独家新闻，但首先必须要确保这个新闻是真实的。"新闻记者总是处于时效的压力下，但即使这样，我们也不应当发表不能确信其真实性的新闻。" 中国人民大学新闻学院教授喻国明今天(4月20日)表示，这个事件表明，我国媒体还缺乏防范假新闻的职业规范，对于这么重大的事件，按照新闻职业要求，国内的媒体应该在消息予以证实后再发布。"很遗憾，一些媒体工作人员不愿意去证实这个新闻的真实性。" 喻国明说，按照职业的新闻操作手法，对于影响如此巨大的事件，首先要有权威的消息来源，比如警方正式公布的案情等。如果没有的话，也应当找到至少两个切实可信的消息来源作为客观事实的依据，并且必须说明消息来源是未经证实的。 他说，在《芝加哥太阳时报》的网站上，那个专栏女作家使用的都是匿名的消息来源，并且是单方面来源，这个报道从新闻职业规范来看，本来就是不值得信任的新闻。因此，几乎所有的美国主流媒体都没有跟进报道，但国内许多媒体不但转载报道，而且还在报道中舍弃了许多不确定的词语，让整个事件变得似乎确定无疑。"这样做完全不符合真实性、客观性要求，也不符合业务规范的要求。" 中国人民大学新闻学院教授陈力丹也表示，那名女专栏作家的报道，使用了好几处匿名新闻来源，而要确保新闻的真实性，消息来源的透明化无疑是重要保障之一。隐匿权的使用，主要是因为某些消息来源倘若被公开，有关人员会面临各种社会压力甚至有生命危险，因此，在任何时候都做到消息来源的完全透明是不可能的。 "但一篇报道如果充满了&#39;据消息灵通人士透露&#39;、&#39;据业内权威人士介绍&#39;和&#39;一位了解情况的公司高层说&#39;这类的匿名消息源，受众就有可能怀疑该篇报道所陈述的事实。" 陈力丹表示，匿名消息源在使用上给媒体带来了"双刃剑"效应。一方面，它能够帮助媒体揭露事实真相，满足公众知情需要，同时提升了媒体自身的公信力，比如《华盛顿邮报》对水门事件的报道就体现了匿名消息源的正面效应。但另一方面，匿名消息源有可能造成新闻失实，不仅使单个媒体的公信力受损，而且有可能使整个新闻行业的信誉蒙羞，比如《纽约时报》的"布莱尔造假事件"使用匿名消息源，就是其造假的主要手段之一。 喻国明也表示，假新闻会对媒体的品牌和信誉造成巨大损害，消息的准确性比早一点发布永远要高一个层次，我国媒体应当建立起更加规范的操作方式。 Jam e s F allo w s则认为，在美国，市场监督和新闻从业者的自律可以发挥作用。美国媒体有自我评价和相互评价的习惯，市场监督则表现在受众或广告商是否愿意支持一个媒体或栏目上。 前不久，美国就有一个非常知名的广播主持人因为发表种族歧视言论而受到了众多记者的尖锐批评，他的栏目广告也全部被撤了，最终，他那个栏目不得不被取消。(中国青年报北京4月19日电/记者 叶铁桥) -- Original Source:中国青年报 <a href="http://news.china.com/zh_cn/domestic/945/20070420/14054158.html">http://news.china.com/zh_cn/domestic/945/20070420/14054158.html<a/> Language A language of the resource zh-Hans Title A name given to the resource 假新闻伤害媒体公信力 反思美校园枪击案报道 �新闻 �� 《�加哥太阳时报》 媒体公信力 校园枪击案报� 新闻从业原则 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sara Hood Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Damon Wilson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-27 Description An account of the resource TO THE EDITOR: I am a Hokie. I finished my degree work at Virginia Tech in 1974, and in all these years, I have never regretted my choice to go to Blacksburg. I became the man that I am there. To have this ugly nightmare play out in my emotional home, is a desecration of my special place. The hurt, the disgust, is beyond my ability to express. We are Virginia Tech. I could not be more proud of the current generation of Hokies living and learning at Virginia Tech than I am today. The clarity of thought and action, the selflessness, the love for one another, the support, the unanimity of the University in the face of this "monumental horror," helps me and all VT grads everywhere. I can see where this current generation of Hokies is growing up at Tech. We are the Hokie Nation. When we celebrate, we do it together. When we cry, we cry together. When we need to, we close ranks, hunker down, and face our problems together. And we help each other to keep on going. But as we do just that, we also wonder: Does anyone else even understand what is happening to us? My son is growing to manhood at UNC and has kept me informed of activities there. I have heard of the ribbons being worn, in maroon and orange. I have heard of the message posters being signed by so many of you, expressing support and love. And I have heard of your candlelight service, in memorial to those whose lives were snuffed out before being able to live our motto: "That I May Serve." I have passed news of this to my Hokie colleagues, and the effect on us is profound. You have touched where we live. You understand what is happening to us. We welcome our Carolina cousins into our family, into our nation, with open arms - and great thanks. We are the Hokie Nation. You are the Hokie Nation. For today, we are ALL Hokies. Damon Wilson Virginia Tech Class of 1974 Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kevin Schwartz <kschwartz@unc.edu> Title A name given to the resource Virginia Tech appreciates support from UNC friends letter to the editor support thanks unc Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sara Hood Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sara Gregory Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-27 Description An account of the resource The focus of a discussion between public safety officials on area crime issues quickly turned to Virginia Tech at the 2007 Chapel Hill-Carrboro-Orange County Forum sponsored by WCHL. The forum was intended as an opportunity to discuss local issues, but the Monday shootings left leaders reflective. Chapel Hill has experienced similar incidents on a smaller scale, such as when alumnus Mohammad Taheri-Azar drove through the Pit in March 2006, injuring nine students, and the 1995 Wendell Williamson shooting, in which a law student opened fire on Franklin Street, killing two and injuring two others, including a Chapel Hill police officer. "This community can associate somewhat with the community of Blacksburg because we&#39;ve come so close ourselves," said Dan Jones, Chapel Hill fire chief. Interim Chapel Hill police Chief Maj. Brian Curran said he also noted the similarities between the two campuses. "It&#39;s something that we&#39;re afraid could have happened here." Panelists discussed the town&#39;s preparedness to handle such an event if something similar was to happen at UNC. Jones noted how difficult it would be to secure the campus. He said every exit door to every building would need to be guarded, in addition to every intersection, sidewalk and open area. "It&#39;s easy to see that in a matter of minutes you&#39;d need over 1,000 officers to close off the campus," Jones said. "That&#39;d be just about every officer in Orange, Chatham, Durham and Wake counties on any given day." Capt. Charles Blackwood, of the Orange County Sheriff&#39;s Department, said he felt the Va. Tech emergency response was the best it could have been given the magnitude of the tragedy. "I think they did as good a job as they can, and I think we would do the same," Blackwood said. "You try to have a good plan in place, and you hope you can respond in such a situation." Many of the participants noted how failures in addressing mental health issues lead to safety issues, both for the individual and for the town residents. Joyce Kuhn, executive director of Orange Chatham Alternative Sentencing Inc., said it is important to provide services for those in need, something panelists agreed has become more difficult to do as more of the burden is shifted to local municipalities. "There has to be more of these things so people have the care they need," she said. District Court Judge Joe Buckner said that only an estimated 1 percent of those held at Orange County Jail for misdemeanors are repeat offenders, with 10 or more charges, but that they create problems for the entire criminal system with their recurring offenses. Curran reiterated that point, and said what frustrates police is their relative inability to intervene in situations where an individual has not committed a crime and is unwilling to seek mental help. "We&#39;re dealing with a relatively small population, but we&#39;re dealing with them over and over again," Curran said. "We just kind of stand by and watch these folks spiral out of control - there&#39;s really very little we can do." And arresting individuals with mental health issues on minor offenses creates overcrowding in the jails and forces the county to assume costs of treating and housing the individuals. "You can&#39;t really arrest yourselves out of a problem," Curran said. Public safety incidents have risen in all areas of the county, and many attribute the increases to the influx of residents into the region. "Growth is all across the public service spectrum," Jones said. "We&#39;re seeing a more transient population that makes all of these issues ... more difficult." Part of approaching those difficulties more successfully includes adjusting to the fact that Chapel Hill is growing. "People still think they&#39;re living in a small town," said Donna Kay Smith, executive director of the Family Violence Prevention Center. "People are having to make that transition of recognizing that this is not a small town area anymore." -- Original Source:<a href=http://media.www.dailytarheel.com/media/storage/paper885/news/2007/04/19/OnlineExclusives/Safety.Forum.Turns.To.Va.Tech.Shooting-2851519.shtml>Daily Tar Heel - April 19, 2007</a> Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Daily Tar Heel Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kevin Schwartz <kschwartz@unc.edu> Title A name given to the resource Safety forum turns to Va. Tech shooting campus safety police presence unc Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sara Hood Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Erin France and Eric Johnson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-27 Description An account of the resource BLACKSBURG, Va. - The revelation that Virginia Tech shooter Cho Seung-Hui had a documented history of psychological problems is likely to intensify an already heated debate about how campuses handle troubled students. A number of high-profile court cases in recent years have centered on the constraints and responsibilities university officials confront in deciding whether to take pre-emptive action on behalf of at-risk students. Christopher Flynn, director of the Cook Counseling Center at Virginia Tech, alluded to that difficulty in discussing Cho&#39;s history of strange behavior. "There are lots of issues that are present on a college campus," Flynn said during a Wednesday press conference. "The extent to which we can make a judgment about whether someone is a danger is a separate issue." For universities, it is an issue fraught with moral and legal complications. Officials have to balance concern for campus safety with an obligation to protect individual privacy, often with vague guidelines. "Schools walk a real fine line," said Johnne Armentrout, assistant director of counseling services at Wake Forest University. "The tricky thing is that they face lawsuits on both sides, either from not doing enough or from violating their students&#39; privacy rights." Federal law prohibits universities from revealing a student&#39;s psychological problems, even to parents, unless they have a signed waiver or believe the student poses an imminent danger to himself or others. Deciding when to break that confidentiality is difficult, but universities typically have erred on the side of protecting student privacy. In recent cases, universities have prevailed in court against parents arguing that they should have been better informed about their children&#39;s psychological problems. "When in doubt, my decision is to respect the student&#39;s right to privacy," said David McCord, head of the psychology department at Western Carolina University. "The students&#39; right to privacy is mandatory training for all faculty." But in the wake of Monday&#39;s tragedy at Virginia Tech, there already are calls for revisiting the circumstances when counselors can disclose potential threats. Flynn and other campus officials faced tough questions Wednesday about why Cho was not forced to seek more help when professors complained about his behavior. "We certainly are always sensitive to the potential for violence," Flynn said. "That&#39;s a very difficult thing to predict clearly." That uncertainty is what puts counselors in such a challenging position, said Robert Murphy, executive director of the Center for Child and Family Health, a joint venture between UNC-Chapel Hill, Duke and N.C. Central universities. He said universities are likely to review their policies in the aftermath of Monday&#39;s shooting. "Legally, our society has come down more on the side of the individual client or patient rights," Murphy said. "There are hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of people in this country who might present with similar warning signs but never go on to commit an act like this, and that&#39;s the really tricky part." -- Original Source:<a href=http://media.www.dailytarheel.com/media/storage/paper885/news/2007/04/19/StateNational/Universities.Mull.Privacy-2851714.shtml>Daily Tar Heel - April 19, 2007</a> Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Daily Tar Heel Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kevin Schwartz <kschwartz@unc.edu> Title A name given to the resource Universities mull privacy mental health student privacy unc Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sara Hood Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sara Hood Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-27 Description An account of the resource The shootings at Virginia Tech on Monday hit too close to home for some students and faculty at both Chapel Hill-Carrboro City Schools high schools. Many said they worried that several recent graduates of East Chapel Hill and Chapel Hill high schools who now attend Virginia Tech could have been victims, but no alumni are among those reported dead. "There&#39;s great sympathy among our students and concern for graduates from our schools who may have been attending Virginia Tech and to get in contact with the person and make sure they&#39;re safe," said Stephanie Knott, assistant to the superintendent for community relations for the district. Linda Klemmer, counseling department chairwoman at Chapel Hill High, said students and faculty expressed anxiety about alumni. "There was some concern for students that had siblings and friends at Virginia Tech," she said. "I got a sense of sadness and shock," she added, as she described the students&#39; moods in wake of the incident. Her department is open to students who want to talk to someone about the shootings, she said. Owen McDonnell, a freshman at Virginia Tech and graduate of Chapel Hill High, was one of the people those at home worried about. "A lot of people were saying they tried to call me and couldn&#39;t," he said. McDonnell traveled back to Chapel Hill late Tuesday to be with family after Monday&#39;s tragedy struck his campus, but he said he&#39;s eager to get back to the daily grind of classes. "I think it&#39;s important to get back to normal after having a week to grieve," he said. But students at one of the district&#39;s high schools already have experienced gun violence on campus. Last April, William Barrett Foster, then a student at East Chapel Hill High, took social studies teacher Lisa Kukla and student Chelsea Slegal hostage after school. Kukla and Slegal eventually were able to talk to Foster, and they convinced him to shoot out a window instead of killing them. Knott said last year&#39;s incident helped calm students&#39; and faculty&#39;s fears about the possibility that something such as the Virginia Tech incident could happen locally. The hostage incident forced district officials to prepare campuses for anything. "For the most part we made some revisions to security following the hostage situation at East Chapel Hill High School last year," Knott said. "You&#39;ll find in the superintendent&#39;s recommended budget about a $206 ,000 request to fund some new safety projects." Knott said she plans to ask principals to encourage students to wear maroon and orange - Virginia Tech colors - Friday for Orange & Maroon Effect Day to commemorate victims of the tragedy. -- Original Source: <a href=http://media.www.dailytarheel.com/media/storage/paper885/news/2007/04/19/City/High-Schoolers.Still.In.Shock-2851416.shtml>Daily Tar Heel - April 19, 2007</a> Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Daily Tar Heel Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kevin Schwartz <kschwartz@unc.edu> Title A name given to the resource High schoolers still in shock community response high school response unc Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sara Hood Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Erin France and Eric Johnson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-27 Description An account of the resource BLACKSBURG, Va. - A steady stream of breaking news added to the tension on Virginia Tech&#39;s campus Wednesday following the Monday deaths of 33 students and faculty. An afternoon press conference revealed that NBC News received a package containing what network officials described as a "multimedia manifesto" from Cho Seung-Hui, the student definitively identified as the gunman in one of two shootings Monday. "Upon reception of this correspondence, NBC News immediately notified authorities," Virginia State Police Superintendent Col. Steven Flaherty said. "This may be a very new, critical component of this investigation." Authorities still were evaluating the materials Wednesday night, even as NBC began to release images and videos taken by Cho. Students gasped and whispered "Oh my god" as television screens flashed an image of Cho posing menacingly with two handguns raised at eye level. The videos portray the intense anger of an individual whose exact motives still are unclear. Cho assigned blame for the massacre to his victims, claiming that he "died like Jesus Christ, to inspire generations of weak and defenseless people." He called his victims "snobs" and suggested the source of his rage was the privilege and materialism that he saw in his classmates. "Your trust funds wasn&#39;t enough," he said, sitting in front of a plain cinder-block wall and appearing to read from a script. "Your vodka and cognac wasn&#39;t enough. All your debaucheries weren&#39;t enough." The release of the video capped an already uneasy day. Even two days after the shootings, and with a dwindling number of students on campus, the community remained on edge. Early in the day, a swarm of police and media descended on Burruss Hall after a Va. Tech operator received a threat on university President Charles Steger&#39;s life. The building was secured by police and a report of a suspicious person came in amid the confusion, said campus police Chief Wendell Flinchum. "These kinds of reports are not uncommon in the wake of what has occurred in the last 48 hours," he said, alluding to the vigilant mood in Blacksburg. The last two days have left investigators, reporters and students scrambling to understand an event that left friends, family and community members dead. There is growing frustration at the news that Cho had an extensive history of psychological instability, including a recommendation of involuntary hospitalization dating back to 2005. Campus police were contacted with complaints about Cho in November and December of last year, when two female students alleged that he repeatedly contacted them through phone calls, Internet messages and in person. At the time of the second complaint, police received a separate report that Cho might be suicidal. University counselors found the risk credible enough that he was sent to a mental health facility in nearby Radford, Va., on Dec. 13. Lucinda Roy, the chairwoman of the English department at Va. Tech, also shared her concerns with campus police during the fall semester of 2005 when she became concerned about the substance of Cho&#39;s writing. Flinchum was careful to note that there was no direct threat in the writings, so the university had no ground for taking drastic action. "The writings did not express any threatening intentions or allude to any criminal activity, and no criminal violation had taken place," he said. "Since those contacts in November and December of 2005, I am not aware of any additional incidents or reports made to our department." Even as the revelations about Cho&#39;s history at the university became public, most students remained reluctant to fault the university&#39;s handling of the supposed warning signs. "You never know what&#39;s beneath the surface," said Matt Stewart, a senior at nearby Radford University who was on campus to pick up his girlfriend. "You can&#39;t prevent crazy." Stewart said his girlfriend would be staying with him for a few days because she had a "bad vibe" about remaining on campus. "She just wants to get away and let the town settle down a little bit," he said. That seemed to be a common sentiment. Throughout the day, students trickled out of dormitories carrying backpacks and suitcases, some piling into cars with friends and others being picked up by parents. "I&#39;d say most people just want to get away for a bit, get a little breather," said Eric Hilgartner, a freshman waiting for his ride outside West Ambler Johnston Residence Hall. "I need to come home for my parents&#39; sake more than mine. I know they&#39;d like to see me." The university canceled the spring football scrimmage scheduled for Saturday, and professors still are figuring out how to cope with grades and class schedules before students return Monday. Across campus Tuesday and Wednesday, groups of students speculated about what might happen with essays and tests that had been scheduled for this week and how exams might be affected. University officials announced Wednesday afternoon that individual deans would have the authority to decide how to proceed with the semester. They left open the possibility that final exams could be canceled at the discretion of the university&#39;s separate colleges. But with police visible on every corner and a continuing frenzy of media activity on campus, many students said they simply wanted to get out of town. Hilgartner said he hopes the university is out of the media glare by the time he returns. "We&#39;d like to get back to that quiet reputation we had in Blacksburg," he said. "Well, if we can ever get it back." -- Original Source: <a href=http://media.www.dailytarheel.com/media/storage/paper885/news/2007/04/19/StateNational/Campus.Copes.As.Details.Come.In-2851705.shtml>Daily Tar Heel - April 18, 2007</a> Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kevin Schwartz <kschwartz@unc.edu> Title A name given to the resource Campus copes as details come in coping student response unc Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sara Hood Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Julie Turkewitz Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-27 Description An account of the resource SEVILLE, Spain - The news of the 33 deaths in Blacksburg, Va., on Monday spread a sobering cloud over the UNC students studying in this traditional Spanish city. Here, where the streets still shut down for the sacred midday siesta, students have pulled themselves away from the news on their computers and have begun to speak with foreign friends and host families about the Virginia Tech shootings. In places around the world, UNC students are seeing the foreign reaction to the violence at home. Some of the 436 University students abroad have found that the attacks did not surprise their non-American acquaintances as much as they surprised themselves. "This has happened so many times in the U.S.," said Kristin Haug, a student from Oslo, Norway, in reference to the Columbine shooting. "It&#39;s just so weird that it&#39;s still so easy to get a weapon." Her friends, all Norwegians in Spain for the semester, nodded in agreement outside the school building they share with UNC students. International media have spotlighted the shootings. On Wednesday, two days after 23-year-old senior Cho Seung-Hui opened fire on Va. Tech&#39;s campus, the events were still on the front pages of newspapers in Paris, Dublin, London, Israel, Turkey, Dubai and Iran. But the impact has not resounded with most foreigners in the same way it&#39;s hit Americans abroad. Norwegian students here called the shootings, with no intentional callousness, "typically American." Michael Turner, a junior from Elizabeth City, first heard of the shootings when he turned on Al Jazeera in Jordan. He stated in an e-mail that local coverage depicted the violence as part of a trend. "I don&#39;t expect it comes off that way in American media, and it certainly doesn&#39;t in my mind," he stated. UNC sophomore Rosanne Niforos, a former advertising representative for The Daily Tar Heel, was in Puebla, Mexico, when she saw news about the shootings online. Lacking her cell phone, she waited for a friend at Va. Tech to change his Facebook.com status to show he was safe. Now Niforos is watching the reaction on her Mexican campus. Much of the student community there has used the incident to examine U.S. policies in general. "There are already posters up on campus with pictures of Va. Tech victims being carried out of Norris Hall and then an image superimposed next to it of President Bush, dressed in militant clothes, bullets and a machine gun," she stated in an e-mail. "I haven&#39;t seen many of those, but they are there." UNC students have said non-Americans have asserted that this type of shooting could not happen in their home country. Some, like the Norwegian students, blamed U.S. gun control laws and pointed out that in many European countries, citizens cannot own handguns and that in some places, even police officers do not carry guns. On ElPais.com, a poll of the day asked readers if there should be more gun control in the U.S. As of Wednesday morning, 93 percent of the 5,790 responders said "yes." "When people here see this happen, they&#39;re really shocked," Spaniard Celeste Castellanos Calvo said. "They see it as an American thing." -- Original Source: <a href=http://media.www.dailytarheel.com/media/storage/paper885/news/2007/04/19/StateNational/Students.View.Tragedy.From.Afar-2851414.shtml>Daily Tar Heel - April 19, 2007</a> Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Daily Tar Heel Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kevin Schwartz <kschwartz@unc.edu> Title A name given to the resource Students view tragedy from afar international response spain student response unc Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sara Hood Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Chris Buchheit Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-27 Description An account of the resource TO THE EDITOR: I attended the vigil for Virginia Tech Tuesday night, and it was extremely touching. My thoughts and prayers go out to all those affected by Monday&#39;s shooting. It is times like this when we ask ourselves how someone could even be capable of carrying out such an event. However, the one thing that this is not a time for is playing the blame game. The day of the shooting, the media was already pointing fingers at whomever they possibly could. I&#39;ve overheard some blaming society. I&#39;ve heard some blame the president of Virginia Tech. And I&#39;ve heard some blame gun control laws. There is a time and place for everything, and at this time, there is no place for politics or playing the blame game. It&#39;s a horrible disrespect to all those who died, who deserve our supporting thoughts and prayers, not our fingers in others&#39; faces. Chris Buchheit Freshman Undecided -- Original Source: <a href=http://media.www.dailytarheel.com/media/storage/paper885/news/2007/04/19/LettersToTheEditor/Wake-Of.Shooting.Tragedy.Is.Not.Time.To.Point.Blame-2851469.shtml>Daily Tar Heel - April 19, 2007</a> Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Shawn Wertz <swertz@andrew.cmu.edu> Title A name given to the resource Wake of shooting tragedy is not time to point blame blame unc Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Elva Orozco Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cronista Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-27 Description An account of the resource Escrito por Cronista en 11:11 AM jueves 19 de abril de 2007 Intento redactar una nota sobre lo ocurrido en Virginia Tech pero no puedo. Me perturba leer los testimonios. Me perturba la fragilidad humana. El punto de quiebre tan variopinto como difícil de entender. No sabré nunca esa respuesta... qué lo llevó a cometer tal masacre. No entiendo la situación, no la asimilo. Intento rearmarme de valor y seguir escudriñando en este entuerto de emociones, de contradicciones, de tristeza y desamparo. Estoy con las víctimas, estoy con los muertos. 33 velas levanto hoy por los muertos y espero, solamente espero que esa sociedad tan violenta como marginadora entienda que el éxito no solo se mide por los triunfos materiales, sino por la correcta convivencia, por el respeto a los demás y por interesarnos despojándonos de la filosofía de que somos más que todos... Paz en 33 tumbas abiertas por Seung Cho... -- <a href="http://cronicacero.blogspot.com/2007/04/por-qu-seung-cho.html">http://cronicacero.blogspot.com/2007/04/por-qu-seung-cho.html</a> Derechos Reservados: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.5/ar/"> Creative Commons Atribución-SinDerivadas 2.5 Argentina. Language A language of the resource spa Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Atribución-SinDerivadas 2.5 Argentina Title A name given to the resource ¿Por qué SEUNG CHO? Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Elva Orozco Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Andercismo Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-27 Description An account of the resource Publicado por Andercismo Los últimos acontecimientos en Estados Unidos - desagrdables por supuesto - nos trae a tema la cuestion del ¿por qué?. Definitivamente en este país existe una cultura que promueve la violencia pero quizás el tema vaya mucho mas alla y se trate en realidad de un modelo socioeconomico capitalista el verdadero responsable de todo esto. Recordemos primero que Los Estados Unidos constituyen tal vez el único país del mundo donde sus ciudadanos cometen actos de violencia mortal contra profesores, administradores y estudiantes en recintos escolares. Vale empezar aclarando que el estado norteamericano promueva la idea de que las armas y el uso de la violencia son un método para conseguir la libertad. La política armamentista del presidente Bush solo alimenta esta ideologia en una sociedad con un marco de conflicitividad social, pensado esto, no es tan sorprendete el tipo de matanzas que cada cierto tiempo llenan de dolor al pueblo estadounidense. Estados Unidos posee casi un arma por habitante, sumado a esto es necesario destacar los altos niveles de desigualdad social que existe en el país: esto es altos indices de pobreza, de encarcelamiento y de represión. No es el "País de la Libertad como se cree". Este país tiene recogida en la segunda enmienda de su Constitución el derecho de los ciudadanos a portar armas de fuego. La tradición que acoge esta disposición legal crea una espiral diabólica en la que la existencia de delitos promovidos con armas de fuego motiva que las personas caigan en la tentación de disponer de éstas, lo que a su vez promueve su uso. Sin lugar a dudas acontecimientos como los de Virginia Tech y Columbine no seran los mas impresionantes ni los últimos. Estados Unidos es un país que desde el 11-S ha sido victima de una paronoia genralizada y obsesiva con la seguridad, lo cual ha justificado una guerra en la que casi todos los días se reportan tragedias de la misma o mayor magnitud de lo ocurrido hoy en Virginia, resulta contradictorio con la política Bush que la mayor amenaza a la seguridad nacional no sea el terrorismo o los regimenes islamicos sino su propia población y millones de armas que circulan libremente. El gobierno norteamericano gasta miles de millones de dólares de su presupuesto para el Departamento de Seguridad Interna, a pesar de ello y de los códigos de color para alertas de amenazas a la seguridad nacional, hay muy poca regulación y es muy limitado y a veces nulo, el control de las aproximadamente 200 millones de armas de fuego en manos privadas en este país, suficientes para armar a cada hombre y mujer en este país. No hay un registro preciso de armas de fuego en manos de civiles en los Estados Unidos. Se calcula que son más de doscientos millones de pistolas, revólveres, rifles y armas de guerra que, en la mayoría de los estados, pueden ser adquiridas con un ligero trámite en el que no tener antecedentes penales es la única condición exigida por las autoridades para ejercer el derecho constitucional a poseer un arma. Según cifras oficiales del Centro Federal de Control de Enfermedades, en los últimos cinco años (las cifras más recientes son de 2004), más de 148 mil personas han muerto por una arma de fuego en Estados Unidos, de éstos, 14 mil 500 son menores de edad. En un año murieron 29 mil 569 personas a causa de armas de fuego, un promedio de 81 personas por día o una persona asesinada cada 18 minutos, reporta la organización Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence, con cálculos hechos con información oficial. De acuerdo con el Brady Campaign, se calcula que 39 por ciento de los hogares en Estados Unidos tiene una arma de fuego. Se registran ventas de entre 3 a 4 millones de armas de fuego al año, y se calcula que entre uno y tres millones adicionales se intercambian en mercados secundarios. Los heridos por bala sumaron 69 mil 825 en 2005; más de 191 al día. Una investigación de los costos económicos directos e indirectos de la violencia con armas de fuego en Estados Unidos se calculó en 100 mil millones al año, informó el Brady Campaign. Sin embargo y a pesar de tener una lamentable tradición de matanzas como las de Columbine, y varios más que se han registrado desde entonces, incluyendo recientemente la muerte de cinco niñas en la escuela rural de Amish, no se ha promovido en un mayor control de armas. De hecho, organizaciones que se dedican a promover leyes de control informan que la mayoría de los estados no requiere que los dueños de armas tengan licencia o que sean registradas y miles de armas son compradas en ferias sin verificación del historial criminal del comprador, mientras que los bancos de datos sobre criminales no son actualizados, permitiendo que delincuentes obtengan armas fácilmente. Peor aun, la agrupación New Yorkers Against Gun Violence recordó que "desde la tragedia de Columbine, es ahora más fácil obtener armas", y detalla cómo gobiernos estatales han promulgado leyes que minan esfuerzos para controlar las armas. Además, acusa que el Departamento de Justicia ha promovido medidas que hacen más difícil detectar quién está comprando armas, mientras que el Congreso ha promulgado medidas que en los hechos facilitan el tráfico ilegal. La falta de un control de armas de fuego ha sido un triunfo de poderosas agrupaciones de cabildeo, en particular la Asociación Nacional del Rifle (NRA), que ha convertido el derecho a portar armas en una misión sagrada y patriótica. A pesar de que esta demostrado que la interrelación entre los parámetros de delitos violentos, número de presos, aplicación de la pena de muerte y permiso para comprar armas forman un entramado que retroalimenta a una de las sociedades más violentas del mundo, los dirigentes políticos siguen sin tomar posiciones frente a la libertad de venta de armas y de su uso restringido porque entienden que es una costumbre tan arraigada en los Estados Unidos que enfrentarse a ella tendría negativas influencias electorales. Estados Unidos es una mixtura de una de las sociedades más avanzadas con algunos lastres arcaicos que determinan que la dureza de la ley, la violencia y una de las poblaciones reclusas proporcionalmente más grande nos inviten a dudar de la solidez de ese sistema de vida. Fuente Original: <a href="http://andercismo.blogspot.com/2007/04/cultura-de-violencia-en-estados-unidos.html">http://andercismo.blogspot.com/2007/04/cultura-de-violencia-en-estados-unidos.html</a> Derechos Reservados: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/"> Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirDerivadasIgual 2.5 Argentina Language A language of the resource spa Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirDerivadasIgual 2.5 Argentina Title A name given to the resource CULTURA DE VIOLENCIA EN ESTADOS UNIDOS Y EL SISTEMA CAPITALISTA armas bush capitalismo violencia Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Elva Orozco Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zona Cerebral Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-27 Description An account of the resource Reproducido por: Zona Cerebral Este es el propósito de la web OneDayBlogSilence.com para el día 30 de Abril, intentar que miles de bloggers en todo el mundo detengan su maquinaria incesante de producción en honor a las víctimas de la masacre ocasionada en el Virginia Tech, cuando el estudiante universitario Cho Seung-Hui irrumpió en el edificio y asesinó hasta 30 de sus compañeros con dos armas de distinto calibre, para posteriormente grabarse en vídeo, enviarlo a la prensa y finalmente suicidarse con un disparo en la cabeza. La iniciativa surgió del blog de Steli Efti y aunque hay ciertos comentarios en contra de esta idea por el hecho de que los blogs en la actualidad constituyen una fuente importante de noticias e información, otros consideran que es un día para el recuerdo, no una razón para dejar de bloggear ni para detenerse, ya que esto puede hacerse antes y después de este evento, por lo que puede parecer acertado o moralmente favorable dedicar un día a la memoria de las víctimas desde la blogosfera. No sólo a las víctimas del Virginia Tech, sino a todas aquellas con las que de alguna forma sintamos la necesidad de solidarizarnos por un día. Puedes descargar la imagen en la web OneDayBlogSilence.com para participar en esta acción, publicándola en un post el día 30 de abril y manteniendo el silencio en tu blog durante el resto del día. Links: http://supercoolschool.typepad.com/blog/2007/04/oneday_blog_sil.html http://www.onedayblogsilence.com/OneDayBlogSilence.com.html http://www.quickonlinetips.com/archives/2007/04/one-day-blog-silence-to-honor-victims-at-virginia-tech/ Fuente Original: <a href="http://www.zonacerebral.com/2007/04/un-da-de-silencio-en-los-blogs-en-honor.html">http://www.zonacerebral.com/2007/04/un-da-de-silencio-en-los-blogs-en-honor.html</a>. Derechos reservados: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/es/"> Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial 2.5 España. Language A language of the resource spa Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial 2.5 España Title A name given to the resource Un día de silencio en los blogs en honor a las víctimas del Virginia Tech. blogs Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Elva Orozco Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Por El Nuevo Día - Puerto Rico Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-26 Description An account of the resource Por El Nuevo Día - Puerto Rico Hace un año, los recién casados Juan Ramón Ortiz y Liselle Vega se trasladaron a Virginia a estudiar sus respectivas maestrías. BAYAMON - Amante de los bongós. Estudiante de talento extraordinario. Sano y sin vicios. Ése fue el Juan Ramón Ortiz Ortiz que describieron ayer sus familiares, atónitos aún ante el fallecimiento del joven de 26 años a manos del desquiciado que ayer mató a 32 personas en el campus de la univesidad Virginia Tech en Blacksburg, Virginia, en la peor matanza a tiros en la historia de Estados Unidos. "Él era un tipo completamente sano, sin vicios y buen hijo" El doctor Oscar Marrero, primo hermano del difunto, dijo que fue la esposa de Ortiz Ortiz, Liselle Vega, quien se comunicó al hogar de sus suegros para dar la mala noticia de la muerte del joven de 26 años graduado con altos honores de ingeniería civil de la Universidad Politécnica. Vega también estudia en Virginia Tech, pero no se encontraba en los predios al momento de la tragedia. "Ella estaba llamándolo, pero no lo conseguía en el celular. Luego llamó a un hospital y le dijeron que el cuerpo estaba en la lista del la morgue", dijo Marrero, entrevistado en las afueras de la residencia familiar, mientras se escuchaban personas orando en el interior del hogar. "La verdad es que no tenemos muchos detalles. Liselle es el enlace con la familia y ni siquiera le dejan ver el cuerpo", agregó Marrero. Explicó que la familia no tiene idea de cuándo el cuerpo podría arriba a a Puerto Rico. Ortiz Ortiz y Vega, quien es oriunda de Manatí, llevaban apenas un año casados y no tenían hijos. Ambos graduados de la Universidad Politécnica, decidieron partir rumbo a Virginia Tech para completar sus respectivas maestrías. Debido a su excelente promedio, Ortiz Ortiz, se desempeñaba como profesor y estudiante. Estaba pautado a terminar su maestría en diciembre. Los familiares que hablaron con El Nuevo Día describieron a Ortiz Ortiz, graduado del Colegio Nuestra Señora de Belén, como un excelente estudiante y amante de la música. Era amante de los bongós y cualquier instrumento de percusión. "El era un tipo completamente sano, sin vicios y buen hijo", dijo Marrero, mientras otros familiares asentían con sus cabezas. http://www.endi.com/noticia/portada/noticias/atonita_la_familia_del_isleno_abatido/198254 -- Fuente Original: abc.gov.ar <a href="http://abc.gov.ar/lainstitucion/noticiasdeladgcye/v07/internacionales/completo.cfm?id=651">http://abc.gov.ar/lainstitucion/noticiasdeladgcye/v07/internacionales/completo.cfm?id=651</a> Language A language of the resource spa Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource abc.gov.ar Title A name given to the resource Atónita la familia del isleño abatido ortiz puerto rico vega Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Elva Orozco Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Por Andrea Hopkins Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-26 Description An account of the resource Por Andrea Hopkins 23.04.2007 - 23:01h BLACKSBURG, Virginia (Reuters) - Los estudiantes de la universidad de Virginia Tech, portando 33 banderas blancas que representaban a las víctimas y al responsable del tiroteo más trágico de la historia de Estados Unidos, reanudaron las clases una semana después de la masacre. Justo antes de las primeras clases del lunes, el grupo de estudiantes que llevaba las banderas marchó sobre el campus acompañado de un grupo de tambores y trompetas que tocaron &#39;America the Beautiful&#39; para recordar a los 27 estudiantes, 5 profesores y al asesino Seung-Hui Cho. A las 9:46 a.m. la campaña de la universidad sonó 32 veces y se soltaron 23 globos, señalando los momentos en los que hace una semana Cho, de 23 años, disparaba a sus víctimas en un edificio de clases cercano. Segundos después, se soltaron un millar de globos naranjas y marrones, y llenaron el cielo de los colores de la escuela. Miles de estudiantes, empleados de la universidad y residentes de la ciudad se reunieron en el campo de entrenamiento para ver las ceremonias en silencio, algunos lloraban silenciosamente y otros se abrazaban dándose consuelo. Cuando finalizó, los estudiantes fueron silenciosamente a sus clases, listos para volver a la normalidad tras una semana de duelo, ceremonias emotivas y estar en el punto de mira de los medios de comunicación. La universidad ha dicho que las clases eran opcionales para todos los estudiantes, pero la asistencia fue alta en general, según dijeron los responsables de la escuela en una conferencia de prensa. &#39;Yo quería volver aquí con mis amigos, porque ellos entienden lo que ha pasado&#39;, dijo el estudiante de primero de ingeniería John Meyer, de 18 años, cuando se dirigía a su clase de cálculo. Meyer afirmó que había vuelto a su casa de Frankfort, Kentucky, para estar unos días con su familia, pero nunca se cuestionó volver a terminar las últimas semanas del año escolar. Aún siguen las preguntas sobre cómo Cho, que había sido investigado por dos denuncias de acoso en 2005 y tratado por una enfermedad mental, pudo comprar las dos pistolas que usó en la masacre. La universidad y la policía del campus también se han enfrentado a críticas por su manejo de la tragedia tras el primer tiroteo en el dormitorio, que sucedió dos horas antes de que Cho volviera al otro lado del campus y matara a otras 30 personas. -- Fuente Original: 20 Minutos.es -- España <a href="http://www.20minutos.es/noticia/226427/0/VIRGINIA/CLASES/">http://www.20minutos.es/noticia/226427/0/VIRGINIA/CLASES/</a> Derechos Reservados: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.1/es/"> Creative Commons Reconocimiento 2.1 España. Language A language of the resource spa Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Reconocimiento 2.1 España Title A name given to the resource La universidad de Virginia Tech reanuda clases tras la tragedia reanudacion de clases virginia tech Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Na Mi Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 新华网 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-25 Description An account of the resource 发表时间:2007-04-19 11:22 来源:新华网 新华网专稿:16日,弗吉尼亚理工大学发生了美国历史上最严重的枪击事件,当日晚,本报记者驱车从华盛顿赶到该大学所在的布莱克斯堡。昔日宁静的校园还沉浸在浓浓的悲伤气氛之中 ...... 悲伤笼罩美丽校园 在弗吉尼亚理工大学校园外,记者看到校园内的国旗和校旗已经降半旗,校园外面随处可见警车。枪击事件发生后,警方加强了警戒,封锁了校园大门。 布莱克斯堡到处可见从各地赶来采访报道的媒体。在与校园一条马路之隔的弗吉尼亚理工大学饭店内,校方设立了新闻中心。平时空旷的停车场,此时停满了汽车,由于汽车太多,一些车甚至停在平时不准停放车辆的行车道一侧。车场中还停放了几十辆架设有传送卫星信号的电视转播车,时不时会看见记者采访学生。 弗吉尼亚理工大学是弗吉尼亚州的一所州立大学,有2.5万名全日制学生。学校位于弗吉尼亚州西南部,距校园不远处就是绿草茵茵的牧场,风景优美,环境幽静,不过,突然发生的枪击案使学校沉浸在浓浓的悲伤气氛之中。 16日晚,当记者先后试图从两个不同方向驾车进入校园时,均被警察拦住。记者几经周折进入校园,来到事发地点之一的诺里斯教学大楼的外面时,亲身感受到了这种悲伤气氛。 尽管已是阳春4月,但布莱克斯堡仍是春寒料峭,寒风阵阵。在枪击事件造成31人死亡的诺里斯教学大楼前的草坪上,上百名学生聚集在一起,静静地站立在寒风之中,默默地哀悼遇难者。 在不远外的一棵大树下,竖立着两个巨大的红色字母"VT"(弗吉尼亚理工大学的英文缩写),字母下面摆放着一些蜡烛,不时有学生走过,在字母上签上自己的名字,以寄托哀思。 于2005 年毕业于弗吉尼亚理工大学音乐专业的学生琳恩·洛根17日一大早就来到诺里斯教学大楼前,悼念枪击事件中的遇难者。她在"VT"字母上签下自己的名字后, 又跪了下来,默默地为死者祈祷。"弗吉尼亚理工大学是一个美丽的校园。可是今天早上来到校园,看到这里一切静悄悄,我感到浑身发凉",她感叹道。 现年20岁的该校学生希瑟·赛克斯,尽管事发时不在现场,但她在向记者描述自己听来的现场情景时仍禁不住泪流满面。她说,自己曾在诺里斯教学大楼里上过历史课,想到好多同学在枪击现场或受伤或身亡,还有一些人甚至冒着危险从二楼跳下,她就感到不寒而栗,她再也不想到那幢教学楼上课了。 美国历史上最严重的校园枪击案吸引了全美甚至全球的目光,美国各大电视台、报纸和各国驻美记者纷纷涌入布莱克斯堡,对这起事件跟踪报道。记者16日晚结束采访任务准备寻旅馆栖身时才得知,布莱克斯堡镇上的旅馆已经全部客满,最后记者只能驱车在距弗吉尼亚理工大学六七十公里远的地方找一家小旅馆凑合了事。 中国学生松一口气 弗吉尼亚理工大学警长温德尔·弗林彻姆在17日上午举行的新闻发布会上宣布,犯罪嫌疑人是来自韩国的留学生赵承熙,现年23岁,是弗吉尼亚理工大学英语专业4年级学生,拥有"绿卡"。 得知凶手不是中国人,来自中国的留学生松了一口气。 事件发生后,美国一些电视媒体就连续播放凶手的一张照片。照片显示,行凶者是一名亚裔男子,媒体报道称这名男子很可能来自中国,持有学生签证。在警方没有公布调查结果之前,媒体就此作出的大量报道无形中给在弗吉尼亚理工大学学习的数百名中国学生带来了巨大压力。 弗吉尼亚理工大学中国学生学者联谊会成员赵杰禄在接受本报记者采访时说,他最初听到枪击事件的消息时并没有感到惊恐,因为美国经常发生校园枪击案。到了下午,得知有30多人死亡后,他开始担心,担心有中国学生遇难,同样担心遇难者中可能有自己认识的学生。为此,他还发过一番感慨,感到一阵悲凉,感悟生命的脆弱。随后,他与其他同学一起,与该校中国其他学生联系,以确定是否有中国学生在枪击案中伤亡。 一些中国学生告诉记者,从他们了解的情况来看,事发现场还没有发现有中国学生,至少到目前为止,还没有中国学生在枪击事件中受伤或遇难的消息。据记者了解,在弗吉尼亚理工大学学习的中国留学生大约有四五百人,其中绝大多数是研究生,很少有人住在校内,这也许是枪击事件现场还没有发现中国学生的一个主要原因。一位姓谢的中国学生告诉记者,他目前在担任助教,上课的地点恰好位于诺里斯教学楼发生了枪击的205和206教室。所幸的是他上课的时间是周一、周三下午,而不是上午,因此才躲过了一劫。 正在该校攻读化学博士学位的赵杰禄说,他其实对凶手是哪国人并不太感到担忧,因为校园枪击案在美国经常发生,美国人并不会因为一起枪击案中凶手的国籍而因此开始歧视这个国家的学生。不过,如果凶手真是中国学生,至少在半年之内,他自己也会感到很不自在。 亚裔形象或受影响 与部分中国学生心态迥然有异的是,该校中国学生焦金凤的心情却并没有因此而轻松。在该校学习政治学的焦金凤表示,她与几位美国同学合住一套连栋房屋,这些同学对她的态度在枪击事件后并没有明显变化。同学劝告她少出门,尽量不要抛头露面。于是,她16日下午去商店买东西,准备"囤积"能够持续一周的生活用品。令她不安的是,过去与她见面时常友好地点头打招呼的店员,这次见到她时脸上已经没有了笑容。她认为,对于大多数美国人来说,中国人、韩国人都是"亚洲人",从外表上,他们根本无法辨别,即使凶手被确定是韩国人,这起枪击案对其他亚裔学生同样造成了消极影响。 一位来自中国台湾、在该校攻读工商管理硕士学位的谢广仁说,这两天他与同学见面时不讲中文,尽量说英语,昨天传闻说凶手是华裔,我们中国学生都特别紧张,尽管现在警方公布嫌疑人是韩国学生,但中国人模样与韩国人又有多大区别呢?同样都是亚裔人,很难区分,所以我们中国学生也应该谨言慎行。 一同采访枪击案的韩国同行在与本网记者交流时说,这件事情太糟糕了,有可能引起对包括韩国人在内的整个亚裔人士的种族歧视。 17 日,记者采访过程中碰到两名韩国学生,他们在证实自己是韩国人后就开始保持沉默。由该校韩国研究生自发组成的韩人学生会在17日上午举行了对策会议,讨论了具体应对措施。部分韩国学生在和记者交流过程中表示,担心美国对韩国人的成见会加深,现在很难说出自己来自韩国,若有人问起,暂时可能会说自己来自中国或者日本。 17日下午,弗吉尼亚州州长卡因在接受媒体采访时说:"希望类似的事情不再发生,弗吉尼亚理工大学依然欢迎所有的学生。悲剧发生后,我们不少师生都参加了善后工作,接受媒体采访,互相安慰,提供心理咨询等等,其中就有不少亚裔人士,发挥了重要作用。任何一个事件发生,我们大家都会悲伤,但这不是种族歧视的借口。" -- Original Source:新华网 <a href="http://cn.news.yahoo.com/07-04-/1037/2i64j.html">http://cn.news.yahoo.com/07-04-/1037/2i64j.html<a/> Language A language of the resource zh-Hans Title A name given to the resource 踏访枪击案后的弗吉尼亚理工大学 弗�尼亚�工大学 媒体 亚裔形象 祈祷 赵�禄 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Elva Orozco Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 20MINUTOS.ES. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-23 Description An account of the resource 20MINUTOS.ES. 18.04.2007 - 04:54h <ul><li>Ban Ki-moon, el Papa o Javier Solana han mostrado su pesar.</li><li>Países &#39;enemigos&#39; como Irán o Venezuela también han condenado los asesinatos.<br</li></ul></p><p><b>La matanza perpetrada el lunes</b> en la Universidad Politécnica de Virginia, que dejó 33 muertos, incluido el atacante, ha sido condenada por líderes políticos y religiosos de todo el mundo. El primer ministro británico, <b>Tony Blair</b>, en nombre del Reino Unido, expresó su <b>"profunda tristeza"</b> y solidaridad a los estadounidenses, en especial a las familias de las víctimas". <b>La reina Isabel II</b>, que tiene previsto viajar a Estados Unidos en mayo próximo, también manifestó que está "conmocionada y entristecida" por la tragedia. Desde Ciudad del Vaticano se informó de que <b>el Papa</b> Benedicto XVI reza por las víctimas y familiares de esta <b>"tragedia sin sentido"</b>, como fue calificada por el sumo pontífice. <b>El secretario general de la ONU</b>, Ban Ki-moon, <b>surcoreano como el presunto asesino</b>, el estudiante Cho Seung Hui, de 23 años, rechazó el múltiple crimen y afirmó que "la matanza rampante de civiles inocentes es inaceptable, por lo que lo condeno en los términos más enérgicos." Javier Solana fue profesor durante cuatro años de la universidad atacada El Alto Representante para la Política Exterior y de Seguridad Común de la UE, <b>Javier Solana</b>, que fue profesor de la Universidad Politécnica de Virginia, expresó su pena desde México, donde se encuentra realizando una visita oficial. "Para mí es un acontecimiento más doloroso, si cabe, porque he pasado cuatro años de mi vida en esa universidad dando clase y <b>recuerdo con gran emoción los años que pasé allí"</b>, señaló. <b>Incluso los &#39;enemigos&#39;</b> <b>Irán</b>, un país que ha sido acusado por EE.UU. de apoyar a grupos insurgentes en Irak e intentar desarrollar un programa nuclear secreto y que no tiene relaciones diplomáticas con Washington desde principios de los años ochenta, <b>se sumó a la cadena de condolencias.</b> Una nota emitida por el portavoz del Ministerio de Exteriores, Mohamad Ali Huseini, dice que "las acciones que perjudican a los civiles inocentes, cualquiera que sea su etnia, religión o nacionalidad, son condenables y <b>contrarias a los valores de la Humanidad".</b> El presidente de Venezuela, <b>Hugo Chávez,</b> que encabeza la oposición a EEUU en Latinoamérica, también <b>manifestó sus "condolencias al pueblo</b> y a las familias de las víctimas de esta horrible masacre". Desde <b>Ecuador,</b> país en sintonía con Venezuela, el vicepresidente, Lenin Moreno, señaló: "estoy muy apenado y quiero manifestárselo así al pueblo de EEUU, ese gran pueblo, del que tenemos tantas cosas que imitar y tantas cosas que no imitar". <b>República Dominicana</b> se sumó a la corriente de pesar y su presidente, Leonel Fernández, envió una carta a su colega estadounidense, George W. Bush, en la que señaló que es "importante" que EEUU sienta el apoyo moral y la solidaridad "que deseamos expresarle las naciones que <b>apreciamos el valor de la vida</b> y respetamos los derechos humanos". El <b>Consejo Mundial de las Iglesias</b> (CMI), expresó desde Ginebra (Suiza) su pesar y también su <b>inquietud por el uso de las armas de fuego en Estados Unidos.</b> El secretario general del CMI, Samuel Kobia, señaló que "todos somos virginianos en nuestras simpatías (hacia las víctimas), pero muchos en el mundo <b>nos preguntamos también por la vulnerabilidad de los ciudadanos</b> de Virginia ante el mal uso de las armas no reguladas". -- Fuente Original: 20 Minutos.es - España <a href="http://www.20minutos.es/noticia/224436/0/mundo/expresa/condolencias/">http://www.20minutos.es/noticia/224436/0/mundo/expresa/condolencias/</a> Derechos Reservados: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.1/es/"> Creative Commons Reconocimiento 2.1 España</a>.</p> Language A language of the resource spa Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Reconocimiento 2.1 España Title A name given to the resource El mundo entero expresa sus condolencias por la masacre de Virginia condolencias ecuador el vaticano iran javier solana onu reino unido republica dominicana venezuela Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Na Mi Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 陈强 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-25 Description An account of the resource 2007年04月27日 07:52:38 　来源：中国青年报 4月17日，美国弗吉尼亚理工大学降半旗，悼念16日枪击案的遇难者。弗吉尼亚理工大学建于1872年，是弗吉尼亚州最大的大学，由8所学院和研究生院组成，拥有学生2.6万人。弗吉尼亚理工大学设有71个学士学位教学计划、150个硕士和博士学位教学计划。这所学校被《美国新闻与世界报道》杂志评为全美最好的50所公立大学之一，其工程教学计划排名全美前25名，其职业技术研究生教学计划排名第六。 新华社记者吕明响摄 发生校园枪击案的弗吉尼亚理工大学在停课一周后已正式复课。除出事的那座教学楼关闭外，教学生活秩序基本恢复正常。 在停课的一周里，学校举办了多场悼念活动。令人意外的是，凶手赵承熙和32名遇难者一起被列为悼念的对象。 据此间媒体报道，在20日中午举行的遇难者悼念仪式上，放飞的气球是33个，敲响的丧钟是33声，其中包括32名遇难者和自杀的枪手赵承熙。次日，33块半圆的石灰岩悼念碑被安放在校园中心广场的草坪上。其中一块悼念碑上写着"2007年4月16日赵承熙"，旁边放着鲜花和蜡烛。还有一些人留下的纸条： "希望你知道我并没有太生你的气，不憎恨你。你没有得到任何帮助和安慰，对此我感到非常心痛。所有的爱都包含在这里。劳拉"；"赵，你大大低估了我们的力量、勇气与关爱。你已伤了我们的心，但你并未伤了我们的灵魂。我们变得比从前更坚强更骄傲。我从未如此因身为弗吉尼亚理工学生而感到骄傲。最后，爱，是永远流传的。艾琳"。 对凶手的宽容意味着什么？弗吉尼亚理工大学中国留学生学者联谊会主席薛宏在接受记者电话采访时说，我们认为凶手本身也是受害者，因为他心理有疾病，可惜没有及时得到社会、家庭的关心和救治，才导致悲剧的发生。所以在悼念活动中，校方也把他当作一个"人"来看待，以体现人性关怀。 在这次枪击事件中死里逃生的一名中国女留学生告诉记者："最初凤凰卫视记者采访时问过我，&#39;现在还恨不恨凶手&#39;，我回答说，"凶手都死了还恨什么&#39;。"后来，这位女留学生参加了当地华人教会的祷告活动。"当牧师提议为33个遇难者和他们的家属祷告时，我深有感触。因为在美国人看来，凶手孤僻、性格扭曲，却没有被关怀和治疗，社区是有责任的，同时凶手的家属也是受害者。" 旅美作家林达分析说，这次枪击事件的制造者，很早就被发现有极端的暴力幻想，学校和老师却没有引起足够重视，没有相应的治疗和措施。社会应该从医学研究的特殊角度，去了解病患感受，以最大可能保护他们的安全，满足他们的特殊要求。同时也注重有效预测他们的行为，尽量减少他们和社会的病态冲突。 一名专门给新移民上英语课的社区教师桑迪对记者说，凶手8岁随父母从韩国移民到美国，由于文化冲突，未能融入美国社会，最终抑郁成疾。这起惨案提醒我们，应该更多地关心新移民的心理健康。她认为，宽容是医治心灵创伤的最好办法。 曾经一度被误传为是"涉案枪手"的华人学生江伟恩在澄清真相后，没有纠缠于媒体的误报，而是在自己的博客上呼吁关心事件中的死难者和他们的家属，并将他在线收到的一笔捐款转交给慈善机构。记者在弗吉尼亚理工大学的官方网站看到，一个专门用于救济死难者家属并为他们的心理康复提供帮助的基金已经开始网上募捐。据悉，中国留学生学者联谊会也在积极开展募捐活动，目前已募得2100美元。 记者注意到，枪击案发生至今已10天，美国媒体从多角度对此进行了充分的报道，但关于凶手赵承熙父母的信息几乎没有（除了有报道说赵的父母企图自杀外）。 密苏里新闻学院的一位教师认为，这是美国新闻界自律的表现。如果在这个时候，再去采访处于深度内疚的凶手家人，就显得"出格"了。直到赵承熙的姐姐赵善敬在事发后第5天主动出面道歉，人们才有机会了解赵家人的想法。一位网民在赵善敬道歉信后回帖说："这不是你或你家人的错误。你也失去了你心爱的人。" 对校园枪击案凶手及其家人的宽容，在美国已有先例。1991年就读于美国爱荷华大学的中国博士留学生卢刚开枪杀死包括自己导师在内的5名教师和同学，最后饮弹自尽。在枪击事件发生后的第3天，受害人之一、副校长安妮·克黎利女士的家人就通过媒体发表了一封给卢刚家人的公开信，称卢的家人同样是受害者，希望以宽容的态度分担彼此的哀伤。 一名中国留学生在看了媒体的报道后说，如果美国主流社会对凶手尚能持宽容态度，我们根本用不着担心亚裔学生会因这次枪击事件而受到歧视。因为理性的人都明白，像这样的悲剧在任何国家都可能发生，它与族裔无关。（陈强） -- Original Source:中国青年报 <a href="http://forum.xinhuanet.com/detail.jsp?id=42323510">http://forum.xinhuanet.com/detail.jsp?id=42323510<a/> Language A language of the resource zh-Hans Title A name given to the resource 美国大学为何将枪手也列为悼念对象 宽容 凤凰�视 悼念对象 悼念碑 枪手 Document A resource containing textual data. 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Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Na Mi Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 徐琳 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-25 Description An account of the resource 2007年04月29日 16:15 发生在弗吉尼亚州理工大学的枪击至今已经超过一周了，但是凶手赵承辉精心策划的"枪手独白"记录却在他死后让这件已然令人震惊的惨剧再生波澜。美国国家广播公司(NBC)在4月18日的晚间新闻中以头条的形式播放了赵承辉的自白录像带的部分片断和照片，电视上一幕幕出现赵承辉充满愤恨的挑衅眼神和长篇大论的恶言秽语，仿佛是在往受害者家属的伤口上撒盐，又让毫无牵连的旁观者胆颤心寒。弗州理工大学凶杀案受到美国主流媒体铺天盖地式的广泛报道，不仅是枪手自白惹来批评，对枪手国籍的不当揣测和频繁讨论也挑起公众对美国媒体的报道尺度拿捏和公正性的质疑。 　　加州大学洛杉矶分校(UCLA)媒体中心创办人、新闻系教授汤姆·普雷特(TomPlate)相信，在现在这个信息无边界的多媒体时代，象是赵承辉自白这样"炙手可热"的影像信息是不可能被埋藏很久的。不过他也直言，如果是他收到赵寄出的包裹，他会选择不将赵的自白影像播出，但是"它还是会通过别的管道曝光的"。 　　"NBC的确成了众矢之的。但是就算NBC不公布赵的自白影像，在今日的多媒体时代中，它迟早也是会流传出来的。"普雷特对《华盛顿观察》周刊表示道，"不管你是好人还是坏人(象赵承辉)，互联网都让人们变得有权力(empowering)。我们都能够留下&#39;影像遗产&#39; (videolegacy)，(这些&#39;遗产&#39;)也能被公诸于世，无论它是多么惊世骇俗。" 　　美国乔治·华盛顿大学(George WashingtonUniversity)新闻专业教授马克·费尔德斯坦(MarkFeldstein)则认为，赵承辉的自白录像带的确有其新闻价值，它本身也能让公众一窥美国历史上最惨枪击案的嫌犯心理。不过，费尔德斯坦对美国媒体不间断的"信息轰炸"也有话要说。 　　"(美国)媒体对弗州大学枪击案的报道，明显地过于耸动视听了(sensationalized)。"费尔德斯坦对《华盛顿观察》周刊直言道， "由于这起事件让人十分情绪激动(emotionallycharged)，媒体基于收视率的考虑，摆明了要从中挤钱(milkingit)，24小时不间断、地毯式地报道，好像全世界没有其他新闻发生一样。" 　　火上浇油的凶手自白 　　美国国家广播公司(NBC)在4月18日收到枪手赵承辉于枪杀案发生前拍摄的自白录像带和亲笔信，即刻通知弗州警方进行处理。但是对这个天外飞来的大独家新闻，NBC新闻部高层在再三斟酌后，还是于当日晚间新闻的黄金时段播放了部分画面、照片和赵犯的独白，并将更多的影像和照片刊登在其网站上。 NBC当家主播布莱恩·威廉斯(BrianWilliams)直言，他们认为赵犯的自白有助于公众和警方了解他行凶的动机，因此选择公开一小部分赵犯寄来的信息，而这的确是个困难的决定。 　　对于NBC面对的两难处境，乔治·华盛顿大学媒体和公众事务教授卡尔·斯德恩(CarlStern)认为，媒体还是有最佳的应对方案，但是NBC的处理方式却欠妥。 　　"NBC声称他们每一小时只会播出6分钟的赵承辉自白画面，认为自己的自律行为是公民美德的一大胜利，我怀疑我们甚至连2分钟的画面都不需要。"斯德恩对《华盛顿观察》周刊说道，"关键不在于播出时间多寡，而是在于名声。你不会希望播出这些画面之后，进一步满足枪手的自恋倾向 (narcissisticintention)和成名渴望，这么做可能鼓动其他有类似犯罪倾向的人起而效法。" 　　NBC的报道经过美国和全球主流媒体的传播，很快地霸占了美国媒体的头条版面。但在24小时后却也招来不少严厉批评。尤其对受害者家属来说，亲眼看到赵承辉手拿着枪指向镜头，或是拿把刀架在自己脖子上的画面，都犹如遭受第二次打击，万分难受。在指责声浪如潮水般涌入后，福克斯(FOX)新闻网即宣布不会再播出赵犯的自白画面，美国有线电视新闻网(CNN)和三大无线电视网也跟着表明，会严格限制对这些画面的使用。 　　美国雪城大学(SyracuseUniversity)大众传播学院研究生院副院长乔尔·开普蓝(JoelKaplan)认为，NBC不可能完全不播出赵犯的影像信息。毕竟，新闻媒体这个行业本来就是在向公众提供新闻信息，解释这个事件为何会发生。 　　"NBC对赵犯影像的处理已经是很不错、很小心了。他们也拿掉了比较令人生厌的画面。"开普蓝对《华盛顿观察》周刊说道，"我可以理解为何许多观众对此感到不满，但是媒体的决定并不是建立在这条新闻是不是惹人反感之上的。有些人指责新闻台不停地播放赵犯的画面，但是新闻台的考虑是多数人一天只看几分钟的新闻，那些觉得播得太频繁的人或许看了太多电视了！" 　　曾经在CNN工作过的费尔德斯坦直言，对于新闻频道来说，收视率重于一切，尤其像有线新闻网必须绞尽脑汁填满24小时的播放窗口，平时的收视率都很低，只有大事件发生时才会冲高。毫无疑问的是，新闻台选择不断地播放有关弗州理工大学枪击案的新闻，为的不是别的，就是为了营利(profit)。 　　根据雪城大学传播专业助理教授布莱德·葛莱姆(BradGorham)的观点，虽然相信赵承辉的自白有新闻价值，尤其是在人们对赵犯的下手动机还不明了时，这些第一手资料更加珍贵，但是NBC等媒体播放赵犯的自白影像却是跨越了媒体的自律底线了。 　　葛莱姆说，从大众传播的角度看，当今世界的新闻播报虽然是一天24小时不间断，但是真正有价值的报道或许仅占一个小时。 　　"媒体虽然意在通过这些自白向观众表示，赵犯是多么疯狂的一个人，但是播放赵犯自白的同时却也美化了(glorify)他的行为。"葛莱姆对《华盛顿观察》周刊说，"已经有研究表明，有关这种枪击事件的报道和事发后2到5天内引起的抄袭事件(copycat)是有关联的。例如弗州理工大学枪击案发生后，美国就有多所学校接到恐吓电话而不得不关闭校园。像NBC那样在接获赵犯的包裹当天便大幅度地将其中的信息曝光，实属不妥。"斯德恩则强调，媒体还是能在不鼓动潜在凶手的前提下，满足公众知的权利。"NBC一开始应该做的是，仅使用凶手的一张照片，但附注他的自白文字，或是以记者旁白的方式重新叙述凶手的自白。如此既能让大众了解赵承辉的犯罪心态，也剥夺了凶手意图一举成名的满足感。"1 　　 误报枪手为中国人，美媒应道歉？ 　　在弗州理工大学枪击案爆发后，由于警方还在确认已死枪手的身份，案发后24小时内都没有公布枪手的姓名和背景，引发了美国媒体热烈的揣测，小道消息也跟着散播。《芝加哥太阳报》(ChicagoSun-Times)专栏作家麦克·斯尼德(MichaelSneed)抢先在其专栏中"揭发"凶手为 "25岁、从中国来的留学生"，其他新闻媒体，包括微软国家新闻网(MSNBC)及美国广播公司(ABC)都曾采用这则传闻。福克斯新闻电视台 (FoxNews)记者吉拉尔德·李维拉(GeraldoRivera)也在4月16日的福克斯晚间新闻节目中引述他在"警界的消息来源"的话指称凶手是 "从中国来的交换学生"。种种未经证实的传言引起在美国的中国留学生及华人社群的广泛骚动，冲击波甚至远达太平洋的另一边。 　　4月17日上午，弗州理工大学的警方终于公开表示凶手为"23岁的、居住在美国的外侨(residentalien)、韩国人赵承辉"。再查询《芝加哥太阳报》的网站，斯尼德那篇引发轩然大波的专栏文章已经不复存在。对于凶手身份的满天流言虽然就此打住，但美国媒体针对凶嫌国籍的报道却引发后续效应。美国各界的首要质疑是，那些"抢跑"的新闻媒体误报凶手为中国留学生，该不该为其不当的指控做出道歉？ 　　"我认为(错报凶犯为中国人的美国媒体)应该要道歉。"普雷特对《华盛顿观察》周刊直截了当地说，"这就象当年俄克拉荷马市发生爆炸案时，(美国)媒体指称凶手是&#39;中东人模样&#39;(MiddleEastlooking)一样。至少，CNN当年有这个雅量，为错误报道做出道歉。" 　　发生在1996年4月19日的俄克拉荷马市联邦大楼爆炸案共夺走168条人命，也曾一度引起美国遭到中东恐怖分子攻击的恐慌，但事后证实，凶手为同情反政府武装组织的美国白人提默西·麦克维(TimothyMcVeigh)。 　　开普蓝也表示，在未经证实的情况下公布枪手国籍，无疑是"不负责任到了极点"(BORDER=&#39;1&#39; Heightofirresponsibility)。更糟糕的是，《芝加哥太阳报》的编辑在事后竟然为斯尼德做出辩护，更是让人摇头。葛莱姆也强调，媒体应当公开赔不是。 　　"我认为媒体应该道歉，尤其是这样的报道有可能带来严重后果。若是有些不负责任的人对中国移民或中国餐馆做出报复举动，后果不堪设想。但是你若是想要福克斯等主流媒体致歉，我只能祝你好运了，"葛莱姆有点无奈地对《华盛顿观察》周刊说，暗示美国媒体对中国人致歉的可能性很小。 　　然而，费尔德斯坦则不把事情看得如此严重。"&#39;凶手是中国人&#39;这个描述本身并不令人激愤(inflammatory)，只能说这和事实不符 (factualerror)，不象&#39;凶手是个恋童癖&#39;这样本身就有负面意义的说法。因此，《芝加哥太阳报》等媒体应该出面更正他们的错误，但无需道歉，"费尔德斯坦如此说道。 　　追根究底，美国媒体为了抢收视率而"抢跑"新闻，是导致这次集体误报的罪魁祸首。葛莱姆就说，今日的媒体行业竞争激烈，新闻制作人辛苦地扛着收视压力，他们拼了命想成为发出抢先报道(scoop)的新闻台，同时也不能漏报别人已经先一步发布的消息，因此出现了许多媒体不经独立核实，便引述别家媒体报道的现象。"我认为报道别家新闻台已经抢先报道过的新闻并不是好的新闻从业心态。"葛莱姆说，"我知道新闻记者有报得正确又报得快的压力，但是我很担心现在的记者只注重后者了。"2 　　 报道凶手国籍涉种族歧视？ 　　当凶犯为赵承辉的消息被警方确认并公布后，各大媒体对赵犯的家世背景展开了深入的追踪报道，不仅赵犯在弗吉尼亚州靠近华盛顿近郊的家被媒体记者盯上，在他家门外徘徊的国际媒体一度高达50余人，连赵承辉小时候在韩国的住所都成了记者的报道焦点。媒体时不时提到赵承辉的韩国背景，不少韩国移民更是忧心赵犯的作为将带来暴力反应。普雷特就认为，媒体提及赵承辉为韩国人不但同案情无关，更是带有种族歧视的做法。 　　"试图将一个人的行为完全建立在他/她的种族背景上，就是种族歧视(racism)的根本表现。"普雷特指出，"凶手最后结束了自己的生命，显然他本人有很严重的心理问题。但是他在韩国出生、在美国长大的这个事实，与本案的案情并不是十分相关。" 　　普雷特也进一步说，"我相信美国媒体并不是在大敲&#39;反韩&#39;战鼓，好像希望能借此启动种族迫害的运动一般。只是很多人毫无顾忌地假设韩国因素和疯狂的谋杀两者之间有显著的关联，"这显然是很让普雷特感到不以为然的。他接连在加大洛杉矶分校的个人专栏上以"潘基文也是韩国人"和"我所知道的不愤怒的韩国人"为题，提醒媒体强调赵承辉的韩国血统是和枪击案毫无关联的。 　　亚裔美国新闻工作者协会(Asian AmericanJournalistsAssociation，即AAJA)在4月16日和17日接连发出对媒体的咨询告示，声明"部分新闻媒体对赵承辉是韩国移民的显著报道对案情并没有提供任何深入了解，也毫无相关。"AAJA的副执行长珍妮斯·李(JaniceLee)表示，他们对媒体发布建言的目的在于敦促媒体慎重地考虑在何时、以何种方式提到赵嫌的种族背景。 　　"大多数的新闻机构都已经有关于使用种族背景作为个人识别因素的政策，为的是新闻报道的公平和正确，我们的建议在于提醒媒体参考这些既有的政策。"李对《华盛顿那观察》周刊表示道，"如果报道提及赵犯的种族是对他其他背景报道的一部分，那它也许是相关的；如果种族只是用作一个形容词来描述他这个人--例如&#39;韩裔美人的枪手&#39;，那么我们希望新闻媒体扪心自问：这么做对韩裔美人社群来说，公平吗？" 　　针对美国媒体对赵承辉的韩国背景的报道，《华盛顿观察》周刊走访的多数专家还是表示肯定之意。他们一致强调，赵承辉是韩国移民是事实，多数媒体也都仅局限于在他个人背景的描述中提及这个事实，而没有将他枪杀32名同窗的极端行为与他的韩国血统画上等号。 　　"我认为媒体大多将焦点放在赵承辉个人身上，并没有将他的行为与韩国人扯上关系。"葛莱姆说道，"尤其是美国人对亚洲移民的刻板印象 (stereotype)一般围绕在他们身为&#39;模范少数民族&#39;(modelminority)这一点上。赵承辉与众不同的经历本身就是新闻报道的题材。" 　　斯德恩也说，媒体对赵承辉的韩国背景处理得宜，也符合期待，并没有任何过分之处。 　　"要知道，我们美国人都是从其它国家来的移民。当这样的事件发生后，我们都会想尽可能地知道凶犯的背景，但是没有任何人暗示他在亚洲出生导致他最后犯下此案。"斯德恩对《华盛顿观察》周刊表示道，"就算赵承辉是在美国出生，他的父母同样也会是故事的主角。他们脱离韩国的贫困生活移民到美国，经营自己的小生意，其中一个小孩表现十分优异，从普林斯顿大学毕业。他们家庭本身就是美国梦的缩影(epitomizetheAmerican dream)，不幸的是故事最后有个恶梦般的结局。"(徐琳 /《华盛顿观察》周刊2007年第15期)3（来源：华盛顿观察） -- Original source:《华盛顿观察》 <a href="http://www.ce.cn/xwzx/gjss/gdxw/200704/29/t20070429_11219921.shtml">http://www.ce.cn/xwzx/gjss/gdxw/200704/29/t20070429_11219921.shtml<a/> Language A language of the resource zh-Hans Title A name given to the resource 美弗吉尼亚理工大学枪击案挑起美国媒体道德之争 公正性 国� 弗�尼亚�工大学 媒体�德 报�尺度 枪击案 ��歧视