6 20 1884 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Na Mi Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 余虹 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-27 Description An account of the resource 作者：余虹 文章来源：南方周末 更新时间：2007-6-7 【弗吉尼亚理工大学举行的悼念仪式上，放飞的气球是３３个，敲响的丧钟是３３声，而马加爵被枪决后的骨灰至今还孤独清冷地在那里没人收留，包括他的父母。　　 一名凶手开枪打死了３２个人，凶手本人饮弹自尽。在守夜仪式上他们点燃了３３根蜡烛，为３３个生命祈祷。牧师看着３３根蜡烛说："当那名凶手在开枪的时候，我相信他的灵魂在地狱里，而此刻，我相信上帝也和他的灵魂在一起，他也是一个受伤的灵魂。" 　　与３３根蜡烛形成鲜明对比的，是马加爵被枪决后的骨灰至今还孤独清冷地在那里没人收留，包括他的父母。】 弗吉尼亚理工大学枪击事件发生的时候，我正在波士顿大学做访问学者。一名凶手开枪打死了３２个人，凶手本人饮弹自尽。刚听到这一消息时有些震动，但震动很快过去了，因为这种事听多了见多了；当风闻凶手是中国人时有些不安，毕竟自己是中国人，仿佛自己也脱不了干系，但不安很快也消失了，因不久便有更正，凶手不是中国人；再听说美国人在悼念活动中竟连凶手也一起悼念，我惊讶了，这惊讶久久不能平息。 一天在去波士顿大学的途中，一名同行的中国留学生对我讲了事发第二天晚上他们社区的守夜祈祷。她告诉我在守夜仪式上他们点燃了３３根蜡烛，为３３个生命祈祷，这让我惊讶。她向我转述了守夜仪式上人们的悲伤以及他们的言谈，其中一位牧师的话让我惊讶。这位牧师看着３３根蜡烛说："这里的每一根蜡烛都象征着一个生命，它们现在都很平静，我相信他们都在上帝那里得到了安息。当那名凶手在开枪的时候，我相信他的灵魂在地狱里，而此刻，我相信上帝也和他的灵魂在一起，他也是一个受伤的灵魂。" 这之后，我又看了一些相关报道，这些报道继续让我惊讶。在弗吉尼亚理工大学４月２０日中午举行的悼念仪式上，放飞的气球是３３个，敲响的丧钟是３３声。次日，安放在校园中心广场草坪上半圆的石灰岩悼念碑是３３块，其中一块碑上写着"２００７年４月１６日赵承熙"。赵承熙的悼念碑旁边也放着鲜花和蜡烛，还有一些人留下的纸条。其中有两个纸条这样写着："希望你知道我并没有太生你的气，不憎恨你。你没有得到任何帮助和安慰，对此我感到非常心痛。所有的爱都包含在这里。劳拉"；"赵，你大大低估了我们的力量、勇气与关爱。你已伤了我们的心，但你并未伤了我们的灵魂。我们变得比从前更坚强更骄傲。我从未如此因身为弗吉尼亚理工学生而感到骄傲。最后，爱，是永远流传的。艾琳。" 再后来，我在网上和报上发现，不只是我一个中国人对美国人的做法感到惊讶和意外，很多中国人都如此。就在我听到那名波士顿大学中国留学生对守夜仪式的转述之后，我便打电话问了国内的几位研究生和朋友。我的问题是："如果我们要为这次事件举行一个悼念仪式，我们会烧几炷香？"他们几乎不假思索地回答：３２炷。当我告诉他们美国人的做法时，他们也惊讶了。 于是，一个问题缠绕着我，让我久久不能平静："３３"这个数字为什么让我们惊讶？为什么我们只想到"３２"而不会想到"３３"？那个让我们惊讶和意外的"３３"究竟意味着什么？没有"３３"的地方缺少什么？为什么我们只有"３２"的悲伤经验，而没有"３３"的悲伤经验？换句话说，为什么在我们的悲伤经验中没有凶手的位置？为什么凶手理应是愤恨的对象，而非悲伤的对象？ 悲伤的经验起于爱，我们因爱被害者而悲伤，当悲伤将凶手包含在其中时，爱同样给予了凶手。我们所惊讶并陌生的就是这种爱：对凶手何以不恨而爱？这是一种什么样的爱？ 在枪击事件发生后，我们至少看到三种截然不同的感受与反应：第一种是为受害者悲伤，憎恨凶手，这是最为通常的悲伤经验，它的前提是善恶区分，特点是爱憎分明；第二种反应因受害者是敌人而幸灾乐祸，这里没有悲伤只有快乐，没有爱只有恨，它的前提是敌我区分；第三种反应是既为受害者悲伤也为凶手悲伤，它的信念是一切生命都有同样的价值，或者说生命的价值高于一般的善恶敌我区分的价值。 我们熟悉第一、第二种，而惊讶和陌生于第三种。那第三种感受与反应中就有我们不熟悉的爱。于是我想问：我们熟悉的爱是什么？它与我们不熟悉的爱有什么不同？ 我们熟悉的爱乃有分别的世俗之爱，不熟悉的爱乃无分别的神圣之爱。 一般来说，世俗之爱主要有两种形式：１．以亲疏敌我区分为基础的爱；２．以善恶是非区分为基础的爱。第一种爱是最原始本能的爱，是本能的自我之爱或自爱，它的基础是利害关系，即对我有利者爱，对我无利者不爱，对我有害者恨；对我有大利者大爱，对我有小利者小爱；对我有小害者小恨，对我有大害者大恨。由于血缘关系是最原始本能的利害关系，所以血缘上的亲疏远近决定了爱的等差或爱与不爱，而当亲疏关系恶化为敌我关系时，等差之爱便转换成了恨与爱的对立。通常的自私自利、狭隘的爱国主义、民族主义、地方主义中深藏的就是这种爱，而所谓阶级斗争中也活跃着这种爱。在这种爱的背后可能潜藏着对他国、他族、他乡、他人、别的阶级的疏离、冷漠甚至仇恨。这种爱是我们最熟悉的爱，也是我们习以为常并在无意识中践行的爱。在那种因受害者是敌人而幸灾乐祸的感受中，我们看到了这种爱的极端样式。第二种爱是文明程度很高的爱，它的根据是社会正义和道德善恶，即对义者爱，对不义者不爱，对大不义者恨；对善者爱，对小恶者不爱，对大恶者恨。这种爱也是我们所熟悉的，在为受害者悲伤而怨恨凶手的悲伤经验中，我们看到的是这种爱，在狭隘的道德主义情感和律法主义情感中我们看到的也是这种爱。 显然，让我们惊讶的爱是另一种爱。这种爱超越了所有世俗之爱的偏爱与选择，它不以亲疏敌我、义与不义、善恶是非的区分为前提和条件，它爱人如己，爱义人也爱不义的人，爱善人也爱恶人，"３３"这个数字就是这种爱的见证。这种爱只有爱而没有恨，那是一种来自基督启示并在长期的信仰实践中培育起来的神圣之爱。 一种"爱敌人"、"爱恶人"的爱的确让我们惊讶，一种"与恨彻底割断了牵连"的爱的确让我们意外。尽管在我们的传统中也有宽恕、大度、以德报冤、相逢一笑泯恩仇的美德，但却是一些太过脆弱的美德，它不仅缺乏强大的文化观念支持和信仰实践的支撑，更是在以牙还牙、爱憎分明的腥风血雨中不堪一击。 "恨"是一种原始的非理性情结，也是一种传统的道德理性情结，它们都寄生于世俗之爱。爱亲友与恨敌人二位一体，于是有"对敌人的同情就是对同志的残忍"之论；爱善人与恨恶人一体不可分，于是有"疾恶如仇、爱憎分明"之说。有爱就有恨，仿佛天经地义，亘古不移。然而，十字架上的真理却见证了另一种爱，一种与恨分离的爱。耶稣说："爱你们的敌人并为那些迫害你们的人祷告......天父的光既照好人也照坏人；天父的雨既给义人也给不义的人。"（《马太福音》）耶稣一生的讲道与践行都在向人们启示这种无条件、无分别、化恨为爱的爱。这种爱经过两千多年的基督信仰传播，已成为西方文明中最有价值的一部分，并铸造了一种相当普遍的信念和实践态度，于是才有了"３３"那个令我们惊讶的数字。 一种化恨为爱的爱并不是与社会正义相冲突的爱，并不是不要社会正义的爱，而是一种在正义的要求与践行中将爱贯彻到底的爱。一个有圣爱情怀的人也会主张惩罚凶手，因为一个人必须为自己的罪行承担责任，这是社会正义的基本要求，但他不会怀着对罪犯的仇恨来实施这种惩罚，而是在惩罚中有一种巨大的悲伤和怜悯，他会因一个生命被罪行所毁而痛惜，他会为罪人的不幸堕落而伤心。这种爱对己是一种悲剧性的告诫，因为自己也可能犯罪；对罪犯是一种同情式的惋惜，它会撼动罪犯内心那顽固的恨。与之相反，如果我们把惩罚罪犯的正义要求变成对他的深仇大恨，把对罪犯的惩罚变成一种泄恨的方式，恨就不仅会中断我们对自己可能犯罪的警醒，还会强化我们由正义要求而滋生的恨。至于对罪犯，这种恨会让他更为凄凉地走上不归路，并与自己的恨纠缠不清。 其实无论是民众对凶手的恨，还是凶手对被害者的恨，都可能是一种出于正义要求的恨。赵承熙杀人的直接心理意向是恨。在遗书中他说："你们要什么有什么。光有宾士轿车还不够，你们这些被宠坏了的家伙，有了金项链还嫌不够，有了伏特加酒和干邑白兰地酒还嫌不够，你们放浪形骸还嫌不够。"在录像带上他充满怨恨地说："你们原本有１０００亿个机会可以避免今天这种下场，却把我逼到墙角，让我只剩下一个选择，这是你们自己决定的。"显然赵承熙的恨出于他对社会公义和道德之善的坚持，这种恨的积累使他失去了以恰当的态度来对待不公与不善的理性，最后致使他疯狂地走向犯罪，并将这种犯罪看作是伸张正义的壮举，为此他才说："我死得像耶稣基督一样悲壮，得以启发后世的弱者和弱势族群。"赵承熙的凶杀让我想起了三年前杀死四位同学的马加爵。在执行死刑前记者问他："你是想通过杀人发泄什么？"马加爵回答："恨，反正那段时间真的是很恨他们......他们不光说我打牌作弊，而且说我平时为人怎么怎么样。他们说的与我一直以来想象中的自己很不同，我恨他们。"记者又问："有没有想过去和他们谈谈，交换一下看法呢？"马加爵回答："没想过，不可能的，当时只想到恨......那段时间每天都在恨。必须要做这些事，才能泄恨，至于后果是什么，没去想。"在遗书中他说："我决定给那些歧视穷苦人、蔑视穷苦人的人一个教训，我决定给那些无情践踏、残忍蹂躏穷苦人人格尊严的人一个教训。"显然，马加爵的恨也有道德正义的理由：人格尊严不容侵犯，他也把杀人看作伸张正义的方式。 恨是一种非常危险的非理性激情，不管它来自何处，都可能导致罪，尤其是来自正义要求的恨。历史上形形色色以"正义之剑"杀人的罪实在是太多了，马、赵只不过是其中的小巫而已。以伸张正义之名而产生的恨可能导致十分邪恶的罪，于是，爱的问题最终将我们引向恨的难题。恨是一种非常隐蔽而顽固的罪恶之因，尤其是在正义的名义之下，因此，重要的不是道德上的是非，而是心理上的爱恨。也许，如何消除恨，才是杜绝罪恶的首要问题。显然，只有爱可以否定恨并战胜恨，而恨不仅不能否定恨和战胜恨，还是滋生恨的土壤，所谓"因恨生恨"。世俗的爱恨情仇之所以轮回不已，其主要根源就是它们之间割不断的纠缠。 与３３根蜡烛形成鲜明对比的是马加爵被枪决后的骨灰至今还孤独清冷地在那里没人收留，包括他的父母。马加爵的父亲说："骨灰我们不要了，就当我们没有这个儿子，让一切都过去吧！"马父真的不想要儿子的骨灰吗？马加爵所在村子的村主任马建伦对三年后来采访马家的记者说："马建夫一家老实本分，善良处世，但马加爵这个事天下皆知，让全家背上恶名，再把骨灰弄回来，他们怕再被人指脊梁骨啊！"不单有普通人指脊梁骨，还有社会机构的歧视，甚至执行死刑也不通知家属。种种不光彩的压力都让这个父亲难以坦然地处理儿子的后事，以至于马加爵的姐姐在听到弟弟被枪决后绝望地恳求社会和人们："我们会接受事实，但却有一个请求：请善待我们！" 与马加爵家人的不幸遭遇相比，赵承熙的家人就幸运多了。因为在美国社会的大多数公众眼里，他们也是受害者，甚至是更大的受害者。当赵的姐姐代表家人公开道歉后，马上有人在网上回帖说："这不是你或你家人的错误。" 我在前面提到的那名波士顿大学的中国留学生还告诉我这样一件事。有一次她和一位美国教授谈起这次凶杀事件，脱口而出说这次凶杀让３２个家庭失去了亲人，这个教授马上纠正她说："不，是３３个家庭失去了亲人。"对凶手及其家人的宽容，在美国民众中已是一种普遍的社会精神。１９９１年在美的中国留学生卢刚开枪打死了５名教师和同学，最后自尽。事后第三天，受害人之一的副校长安妮女士的三位兄弟就发表了一封给卢刚家人的公开信，信上说："安妮相信爱和宽恕。我们也愿意在这一沉重的时刻向你们伸出我们的手，请接受我们的爱和祈祷......此刻如果有一个家庭正承受比我们更沉重的悲痛的话，那就是你们一家。我们想让你们知道，我们与你们分担这一份悲痛......" 一个经过了神圣之爱洗礼的社会，是一个共同以爱来承担罪恶与不幸的社会，是一个化解仇恨的社会，那里的人有福了；一个没有经过神圣之爱洗礼的社会，是一个爱恨情仇轮回不已的社会，在此人们不仅世世代代饱尝了世态之炎凉和仇恨的苦果，也混混噩噩地参与了这种炎凉与仇恨的铸造。唉，１９世纪德国诗人里尔克的诗句又在我的耳边响起来了："既不了知痛苦 ／ 亦不懂得爱 ／那在死中携我们而去的东西／还深深地藏匿。" 什么时候，那陌生的爱才会进入我们的灵魂，成为中断爱恨情仇轮回的巨大力量？ -- Original Source:南方周末 <a href="http://www.yuwenonline.com/Article/news/shrd/200706/4636.html">http://www.yuwenonline.com/Article/news/shrd/200706/4636.html<a/> Language A language of the resource zh-Hans Title A name given to the resource 余虹：有一种爱我们还很陌生 仇� 弗�尼亚�工大学枪击事件 悼念仪� 爱 ３３根蜡烛 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Na Mi Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 张国庆(北京学者) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-24 Description An account of the resource http://www.sina.com.cn 2007年04月20日01:18 新京报 作者：张国庆 　　如果实施严格的枪支管理，守法公民的自卫能力将受到限制，而那些有意行凶的人则不受约束，因为他们总能设法弄到枪支，这样做是"防君子不防小人" 　　弗吉尼亚的校园惨案再次把美国的强制管制问题推上了风口浪尖。如人们所知，美国不仅是个军火大国，更是私人拥有枪支的"世界第一"。据美国司法部统计，美国现有近2.4亿支私人枪支，几乎人手一支。据统计，美国每年发生的枪杀事件约100多万起，每天都有近百人死于枪击事件，造成的直接经济损失在200亿美元以上。 　　宪法"第二修正案"规定所有的美国公民都有拥有武器的权利，如今成了枪支管制的最大"障碍"。从当初立法者的本意来看，是担心出现军事独裁统治或遭遇外国入侵，希望美国公民以此保护自己的生命财产安全。但开国者没有想到的是，他们所担心的独裁和外国入侵几乎没有出现过，枪支反倒成为了"杀人"的利器，其使用的非法性远远超过正义性。有学者甚至说，枪支对美国人来说，已不是双刃剑那么简单，而是成为了美国人进行自我侵略的凶器。 　　从民意上来看，大多数美国人是赞成加强枪支管理的，民意测验表明，有60%以上的美国人赞成严格管制枪支，但也有36%的人坚决反对，其中有相当一部分反对者的立足点就在宪法上。而更多的人则是出于安全的考虑。他们担心，如果实施严格的枪支管理，守法公民的自卫能力将受到限制，而那些有意行凶的人则不受约束，因为他们总能设法弄到枪支，这样做是"防君子不防小人"。 　　事实上，美国在枪支问题上已陷入了"囚徒的困境"。也就是说，大家如果都按照制宪者的本意做，都把枪支作为善意的工具，都不主动攻击对方，则没有人会有损失，反之，如果有一些人破坏了这种默契，主动使用武器攻击他人，则手中没有武器的人就会吃亏，因而在这种情况下，无论是支持还是反对持枪的人，都不会"从我做起"，扔掉武器，而各州也都在保持一种平衡和默契，不会独自在枪支问题上走得太远。 　　利益集团也是使美国深陷"囚徒困境"的重要力量。全国手枪联合会(NRA)是美国最大的枪支所有者协会，有多达300万个会员，很多都是实力惊人的枪支生产商和经销商。在2000年总统大选中，这些利益集团更是大手笔地花费近2000万美元支持小布什(支持枪支拥有)和其他支持枪支拥有权的国会议员进行竞选，以便为他们代言。不仅如此，一些军火集团也十分卖力地支持枪支和军火研发，在 伊拉克战争中扮演了强力支持者的角色。由于这些利益集团实力强劲，加之与现政府关系融洽，也使得枪支管制问题难有大的突破，这也使相当一部分选民对主张加强枪支管理的民主党总统候选人有所期待。 　　不过，即便是民主党能如愿入主白宫，要想使枪支大国走出"囚徒困境"也还是要有很长的路要走，两百年的习惯，又纠缠着太多利益，岂是说改就改的。而这也给其他国家处理相似问题提供了一个借鉴，那就是，凡事慎之在始，许多事情，放开容易，收口难。 -- Original Source:新京报 <a href="http://news.sina.com.cn/w/pl/2007-04-20/011812820971.shtml">http://news.sina.com.cn/w/pl/2007-04-20/011812820971.shtml<a/> Language A language of the resource zh-Hans Title A name given to the resource 张国庆：校园血案让枪支大国陷入囚徒困境 囚徒困境 校园血案 枪支大国 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Na Mi Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 范彦萍 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-22 Description An account of the resource 作者：范彦萍 新闻来源：上海青年报 更新时间：2007-4-19 11:22:46 学校举行集体悼念会 　　很快，记者从弗吉尼亚工学院的官方网站上证实了这一消息，"警方已确认周一连环枪击案的凶嫌的身份。此人是韩国人，是弗吉尼亚工学院在读的大四本科生，学的是英语。"学校方面还公告说，"本周余下的时间，所有的课将被取消，以便让学生可以默哀。学校的行政部门将从周三开始重新运作。案发地点诺里斯教学楼在余下的整个学期将不会对外开放。" 　　据介绍，当地时间昨天下午两点多，学校所在的黑堡镇上举行了一场集体悼念会，为校园枪击事件中无辜的受害者默哀。 　　"华人圈子中不可能有极端的人" 　　对于大家传得沸沸扬扬的凶手是中国留学生的消息，赵杰禄一笑了之，"我们一开始就觉得中国留学生作案的可能性极小。我们这里有一个华人圈子，平时大家都互有来往，认为我们圈子中不大可能有这样极端的人，能做出连环枪击事件的人。当天下午曝出凶手可能是亚裔年轻人的消息，由于没有官方的正式消息，一时流言四起。" 　　"不过，虽然证实下来并非中国留学生作案，但这起事件引起的影响不会因为凶手国籍的改变而消除。这件事甚至可能引起当地政策的变化，甚至美国大选的热点议题都会因此改变。"赵杰禄分析说。 　　事情发生后，官方的名单上并未公布受害人和受伤者的名单，于是在该校就读的中国留学生纷纷群发邮件，互相打电话报平安。 　　"受害者可能有我的学生" 　　赵杰禄告诉记者，事发时，现场没有中国学生目击枪击事件，因为前往该校读书的中国留学生大多是研究生，本科生极少。弗吉尼亚工学院共有2.6万多名学生，而其中读研的中国学生和学者只有区区五六百人。当时，第一起枪击事件发生在一个本科生宿舍楼，而第二次袭击则在名为诺里斯的教学楼。这两个地方当时恰好没有中国学生。 　　"由于事情发生在周一早上，我们去学校都比较晚，所以受到的影响不大。听到校园枪击事件后，我们的第一反应不是恐慌，而是悲凉。整个社区，所有的广播、电视、媒体都在铺天盖地地报道这起严重的校园枪击案，33条人命顷刻被夺走，一种悲伤感弥漫在四周。我和一些同学身为博士，平时兼带给本科生授课的任务，但一想到说不定下周一上课的时候，平时常见的几名学生可能就此看不到了......"赵杰禄说着说着，声音低沉了下去。赵杰禄说，"我们很多人当时并没有听到枪声，弗吉尼亚工学院的校园非常大，拥有100多幢楼，大楼是用大石头垒砌而成的，隔音效果不错。" 　　声音 　　中国留学生谴责校园暴力 　　事发后，曾在该校就读的中国女孩王葳蕤在自己的博客上发表了题为"血腥校园"的文章： 　　"一直觉得校园枪击是件离我遥远的事情。但是今天，32个无辜的孩子和工作人员就倒在血泊里再也无法醒来。而这件惨案就发生在我度过了两年最美好时光的母校。成为了美国历史上死亡最多的校园暴力事件。发生枪击的地方都是我曾经那么熟悉的。我无法让自己醒过来，好像走进一个时光隧道，好像一切就发生在我身边。忍不住觉得冷，忍不住哭泣。那个我记忆里如此静谧安详的校园再也回不到她最初的明亮。而这一切和那些丢失了年轻的生命，那些失去孩子的家长的悲痛相比，都那么微不足道......心情低到极点。" 　　而曾在弗吉尼亚工学院就读的孙先生在接到记者电话时也谴责了凶手的残忍，表达了深深的悲痛。"当天早晨我上课时，发觉底下的学生窃窃私语，我为此很不高兴，当回到办公室后，有同学打来电话，说出事了。我立马向身在弗吉尼亚州的朋友联系，确保他们没事。太残忍了，简直是震惊。" -- Original Source:上海青年报,中国 <a href="http://news.chinavoc.cn/Abroad/Files/200704/24686.html">http://news.chinavoc.cn/Abroad/Files/200704/24686.html<a/> Language A language of the resource zh-Hans Title A name given to the resource 弗吉尼亚理工学院中国留学生访谈：谴责校园暴力 深深的悲痛 �端 谴责校园暴力 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Na Mi Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 姚国健, 中国新闻网 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-19 Description An account of the resource 稿源： 中国新闻网 编辑： 姚国健 2007-04-22 04:42 今天中午弗吉尼亚理工大学中国学生学近百人在校园联合纪念死难同学，并为死难者捐款。 　　记者看到，在校园的中心大草地上，中国学者学生近百人聚集起来，在铺在草地上的白布上签下自己的姓名和留言。同学们自发为死难学子捐款，有的从钱包掏出现金，有的还在在现场用早已准备好的支票填写金额，然后投入募捐的箱子。据中国学生学者联谊会负责人介绍，这些款项将如数转交给校方的相关基金会。 　　据了解，这是该校所有的中国学族裔和社团中最早举办独立纪念活动的。该校学生学者联谊会负责人对记者说，大家聚集起来的目的，不是为了表明自己的清白，标榜和韩国裔同学的区别，而是和全校师生分享悲伤，体现中国学子作为弗吉尼亚理工大学一分子的共同愿望。 　　记者采访一些中国留学生后了解到，枪案发生后，整个校园笼罩在悲伤之中，亚裔学子心情最为压抑，有些韩裔学生因为担心报复和歧视，已经离开了校园。中国学子认为，当地和学校的保护措施很好，除了自己需要小心，还应该更多地真诚融合到主流社会中。 -- Original Source:中国新闻网 http://www.enorth.com.cn <a href="http://news.enorth.com.cn/system/2007/04/22/001627575.shtml">http://news.enorth.com.cn/system/2007/04/22/001627575.shtml</a> Language A language of the resource zh-Hans Title A name given to the resource 弗吉尼亚理工大学中国学生学者联合纪念死难者 中国学生学者��纪念死难者 �款 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Na Mi Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 沈柬 贝柴华 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-27 Description An account of the resource http://www.jrj.com　 2007年04月19日 05:00 第一财经日报 沈柬 贝柴华 　　"刚刚跟美国联邦调查局的人又谈话了，好在现在我已经不再是嫌疑犯。"江伟恩在自己的博客里写道。 　　就在24小时前，美国弗吉尼亚理工大学发生致死33人的枪击案，该校中国留学生江伟恩居然被美国个别媒体报道成杀人嫌犯。事后证明，这完全是一条严重的失实报道，真正的元凶其实是一名韩国学生。 　　对此，外交部发言人刘建超昨日表示："美个别媒体在事实未经查明之前发表不负责任的报道，违反了新闻职业道德，是十分错误的做法。我们已要求有关方面消除其负面影响。" 　　"乌龙报道"冤枉中国学生 　　枪击案发生不久，距离学校所在地布莱克斯堡数百公里远的一家报纸《芝加哥太阳报》率先捅出消息说，凶手是一名中国学生。该报专栏作者麦克·斯尼德还煞有介事地称，这名24岁的冷血杀手姓江，去年8月7日乘美国联合航空公司班机从上海飞抵旧金山。后来，影响颇大的FOX电视台也转播了这一报道。 　　FOX电视台的著名主持人李维拉甚至以莫须有的"诱导"口气来提问："假定这名枪手来自中国，是不是因为他来自社会主义国家，因此憎恶美国社会，并进行行凶？" 　　江伟恩在自己的博客上说，他是一名枪支爱好者，并且刚刚与女友分手。博客上也贴着很多他持枪的照片。亚裔、枪迷、刚和女友分手、弗吉尼亚理工大学学生，种种因素把江伟恩推向了人们关注的焦点。几个小时内，他的博客点击率刷新到了4万。 　　16日晚上10点29分，江伟恩"站"了出来。"我不是枪手。在整个事件过程中，我收到了无数个死亡威胁和诽谤指控，手机也因为接电话太多而没了钱，对此当地警方已了解了情况。" 　　他继续在博客里声称："我现在明确宣布，我不是凶手。我愿意接受媒体的采访，谈谈这件事情，证明我的清白。我还愿意就此发表我的看法，即如果其他学生也被允许持有枪支的话，事情可能没那么糟。" 　　其实还在江伟恩自己发布声明之前，对于《芝加哥太阳报》的内容，MSN新闻立即做了跟进，中国新闻社也跟进报道，随后，忍了半天的新浪、搜狐、腾讯网也进行了报道，甚至最后连CCTV的网站也做了相关播报。 　　"不错，我是亚裔，我在学校宿舍里住，我是VT（弗吉尼亚理工大学）的学生，我最近和女友分了手，我还喜欢枪械。但我不是凶手。"江伟恩16日在接受美国广播公司采访时说，自己还拥有美国联邦政府颁发的合法持枪证。 　　"昨晚是一个非常特殊的夜晚，我几乎难以入睡，情况这么复杂，我想我们那些同胞也都不敢去学校了。"不停地被媒体骚扰的江伟恩在第二天的博客里继续写道，"但是我相信媒体从现在开始，将不会使得人们正确的判断发生偏差了。" 　　按照江伟恩自己的陈述，警方之所以很快就将他排除嫌疑，原因有二：首先是他并不拥有本次案件中使用的那种口径的枪支；其次是提取的指纹也不符合。 　　17日上午，美国方面正式宣布，制造该国历史上最严重校园枪击案的凶手身份已经查明，是英语系学生、23岁的韩国人赵承熙。 　　为什么中国人容易被冤 　　虽然最终的消息使很多国人长舒了一口气，但海外华人的形象，还是因为"乌龙报道"而受到了难以挽回的损伤。 　　近年来，美国媒体"妖魔化"中国的倾向时有体现。曾多年任德国自民党主席的奥托·拉姆普斯道夫伯爵指出："早在2003年，美国工业联合会就指称，中国是造成美国2000年中期以来丧失270万个就业岗位的主要原因。这样对美国政府就形成了内政压力，这些情况不禁使人想起了20世纪70 年代的日本。" 　　也许正因为这样，尽管美国政府一直表示自己没有对中国存在偏见，但美国媒体从来没有停止过对"中国威胁"的含沙射影。 　　《华尔街日报》曾发表文章《另一个威胁正在逼近：中国作为一个新的妖魔》，批评美国国内存在将中国妖魔化的倾向。文章称："对中国妖魔化的活动眼下似乎正如火如荼。为了在冷战后的世界中物色一个能够替代原苏联的敌人，美国政治家在越来越大的程度上试图让中国人充当这个角色。" 　　"媒体的妖魔化做法一直存在着，一直没有变化。"2003年1月，清华大学教授李希光发表评论说，"我相信那种亨廷顿的理论——文明的冲突。哈佛大学的亨廷顿教授把这个妖魔化理论上升到极点，上升到文明的冲突。根据他的理论推理，要取得文明的胜利，只能是妖魔化对方。妖魔化就是为了文明的冲突和文明的胜利。" 　　而在个人层面，意大利《生活》杂志负责人胡兰波女士向《第一财经日报》表示，不管在意大利还是美国，由于文化的不同，中国人融入当地社会有比较大的困难。他们对当地主流社会的一切并没有多大兴趣，当地主流社会的人却特别留意外来移民，对外来人是否构成安全问题、工作竞争问题都十分关注。如此一来，难免在中国移民与当地主流社会之间"立起一堵墙"。 　　"而且，很多外国人从心底不希望中国富强，认为一切能源的涨价都与中国有关。这也对中国人在海外生存带来负面因素。"胡兰波称。 　　不会影响中美交往 　　也许正是上述政治的、经济的、文化的深层次原因，使得美国媒体总是避免不了对中国的报道偏见。然而对美国民众而言，这可能造成对他们的"冤枉"。 　　复旦大学美国研究中心的徐以骅教授认为，造成妖魔化中国的主要原因，是美国政府的不当政策。他说："相对而言美国民众是好的。因为美国人比较崇尚个人意识，他们认为个人的行为个人是要负责的，很少往民族上扣帽子。" 　　事实上，弗吉尼亚州州长凯恩昨天也对媒体表示，尽管发生了韩籍留学生枪杀32人的悲剧，他认为，枪案仅仅是个别案件，不会引发对亚裔学生的歧视，弗吉尼亚州立理工大学会继续对外籍学生开放。 　　凤凰卫视评论员阮次山认为："90％的美国媒体在这次报道中表现得比较成熟，而FOX电视台本来就是充满煽情的一个媒体，不能从他们的个别行为来看待美国社会，从而以为美国对中国很仇视。" 　　上海美国研究所副所长倪建平接受本报记者采访时也指出，中美之间近来交往正常，就算该案件是中国人干的，也只能当作个案来处理，并不会对中美关系产生结构性冲击。 　　而中国政府方面在这次事件中的反应——外交部部长李肇星第一时间致电美国国务卿表达慰问，外交部发言人也发表声明，希望民众不要胡乱猜测凶手的身份，"这些都是负责任的表现，也正是成熟大国的外交方式。"阮次山说。 -- Original Source:第一财经日报 <a href="http://finance.jrj.com.cn/news/2007-04-19/000002165336.html">http://finance.jrj.com.cn/news/2007-04-19/000002165336.html<a/> Language A language of the resource zh-Hans Title A name given to the resource 弗吉尼亚的枪声与被误伤的华人形象 冤枉 �客 �人形象 弗�尼亚的枪声 江伟� Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Adriana Seagle Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Guardian News & Media Limited Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-08-09 Description An account of the resource Letters <b>Wednesday April 18, 2007</b> <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/">The Guardian</a> We have heard the arguments for years regarding the modern-day relevance or not of the second amendment, which engrains the right to bears arms into the American constitution and psyche, and they need not be rehashed now. I am sure all readers are intelligent and well-informed enough to realise and accept that although they may have strong views on the rights of people to own guns, many others do not share that view. But this argument should not be the focus of today&#39;s editorials, columns and letters. Nathaniel Hawthorne said that "A hero cannot be a hero unless in a heroic world", so let us today for once become a world that celebrates heroism rather than focusing on the acts of the wicked few. The bravery of students to carry their friends, their classmates and people they didn&#39;t even know to safety and help while under fire shows the acts of heroism that are still required in our world. Today it is them and their fallen colleagues that we should be focusing on, not the evil act of one person. We will focus on how to turn heroic acts into unnecessary acts tomorrow, but for today let&#39;s celebrate the lives of those who have once again been taken by the winds of fate and those who were willing to risk their lives simply because it was the right thing to do. Let us tomorrow reignite the debate over gun ownership, and this time have a full and frank debate rather than the shouting match that has developed in past decades and led to a stalemate which only allows further acts of terror to plague our society, but just for one day we can put our differences aside and immortalise the all too soon forgotten heroes of our world. <b>Michael Hunter</b> Glasgow It&#39;s really very simple. If you permit people to buy firearms they will buy firearms. If a person owns any kind of tool they are likely to use that tool for the purpose intended. Firearms have only one use: they are designed to shoot and to kill. Don&#39;t quote in defence "the constitutional right to bear arms"; the constitution was written centuries ago, in a different world with different values. What about the constitutional right not to be murdered? If an individual has a breakdown in response to the pressures they find themselves under, they could kill themselves. Give that person a gun and time after time we see a trail of corpses - Dunblane, Columbine, Hungerford, Pennsylvania, etc, and now Virginia Tech. Personal ownership of lethal weapons has no place in a civilised society. <b>Andrew Harris</b> Hitchin, Hertfordshire The second amendment reads: "Congress must not deny the states a militia. A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed." The context was the "critical period" when the states were concerned over the possible tyranny of the federal government. <b>Eric Liggett</b> Carnforth, Lancashire Neither the president of Virginia Tech nor President Bush even mentioned unrestricted gun ownership as a factor in this carnage in their public statements. The latter suggested prayer as a remedy instead. Maybe there is no connection between the availability and the use of weapons in Virginia. <b>Laurence Mann</b> London Jackie Ashley would not have wanted her thesis on the media numbing-down of the daily carnage in Iraq (What matters is the blood in the sand, not Des Browne, April 16) to have been instantly proved in such a stark fashion. But the blanket media coverage of the killing of 32 students on a Virginia university campus does, by contrast, demonstrate perfectly her cry of pain for Iraq, where the daily death toll surpasses that of the American tragedy. What is, in the 21st century, the insane pioneer attitude to carrying and using guns - to protect yourself in a wild, unknown world - has also been translated to Iraq, where young, frightened American soldiers have been, on average, responsible for up to a third of Iraqi civilian deaths daily, according to Iraq&#39;s ministry of health. <b>Dr David Lowry</b> Stoneleigh, Surrey <b>Special report</b> <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/usa/0,,759893,00.html">United States</a> <b>Related articles</b> 25.10.2002: <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,,819054,00.html">Captured in their sniper&#39;s nest</a> 25.10.2002: <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,,818956,00.html">Dropped clues that led police to sniper</a> 25.10.2002: <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,,819087,00.html">Rifle costs just $800</a> <b>Useful links</b> <a href="http://www.nra.org/">National Rifle Association</a> <a href="http://www.vpc.org/">Violence Policy Centre</a> <a href="http://www.handguncontrol.org/">Brady Campaign</a> <a href="http://www.atf.treas.gov/">Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms</a> Copyright Guardian News & Media Ltd 2007. -- Original Source: Guardian Unlimited <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/usguns/Story/0,,2059479,00.html">http://www.guardian.co.uk/usguns/Story/0,,2059479,00.html</a> Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Eve Thompson-Acting Permissions Executive Syndication;permissions.syndication@guardian.co.uk Title A name given to the resource Acts of bravery amid the horror debate guardian unlimited gun control heroism letters second ammendment Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Brent Jesiek Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jeff Adair / The MetroWest Daily News Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-06-01 Description An account of the resource By Jeff Adair/Daily News columnist GHS Fri Apr 20, 2007, 12:19 AM EDT The responses seemed strange. A legislator in Washington, a student in Oklahoma, an insurance company owner in San Diego, and a government official and many others a continent away. This week, all felt the need to apologize. But they didn&#39;t do anything wrong, so why apologize? They all happen to be of Korean ancestry, like the Virginia Tech gunman, Cho Seung-Hui. "It hurts me deeply," Paull Shin, an orphan adopted by an American after the Korean War, and now a state senator in Washington, told his colleagues Wednesday. "This is not the way to pay back the blessings we received." "As a people, we take a certain amount of shame even though we didn&#39;t know this guy," said a co-organizer of a candlelight vigil in San Diego. "I think there&#39;s a lot of closed-minded people and people would automatically associate his actions with his race," Naht Nguyen, an Oklahoma City Community College student told the school newspaper. It seemed strange. Then of course, it&#39;s not new. I&#39;m sure right after the Oklahoma City bombing, when initial reports pointed to a Middle Eastern man, those of that ancestry felt the same. I&#39;m sure right after 9-11, Arab-Americans felt society was blaming them. Strange, isn&#39;t it? Not really. Not for those of us so-called minorities. The D.C. sniper attacks and the Carol Dimaiti Stuart murder in 1989 (police were looking for a black man, but later discovered her husband was the culprit) are two examples that stand in my mind. The minute the crimes hit the media, I said to myself, "I hope it&#39;s not a black man." Maybe we&#39;re paranoid. "Everyone&#39;s looking at us," we say. Maybe we grow tired of the stereotypes. We don&#39;t want to hear the critical, often wrong analysis of our communities. Maybe we see a double standard, as Mercury News writer L.A. Chung put it in a column this week, "I can&#39;t say I know a single white male who read about Jeffrey Dahmer&#39;s serial killing and thought, &#39;Oh, no, another white guy&#39; - FBI criminal personality profiles notwithstanding." Dr. Kermit Crawford, a clinical psychologist and professor, told me that as recently as January, he felt the same way, crossing his fingers, hoping that the fatal stabbing at Lincoln-Sudbury High was not committed by a black person. The director of the Center for Multicultural Health at Boston University, Crawford said such feelings are rational in the sense that we all take ownership for our culture, whether we want to or not. That&#39;s not to say people should feel guilty, he said. He said in discussions with many people the past few days, including some who are Korean, it seems there&#39;s more of a collective fear, than collective guilt. "The greater concern is that there might be retaliation," he said. "There&#39;s a fear of them being blamed because they are Korean or Asian." The information from the Virginia Tech case points to Cho Seung-Hui as a very disturbed student, to put it mildly. Therefore, in my opinion every right thinking person should agree with Crawford that race had nothing to do with it. "Some people are sick," he said. "Some are just evil." Still, the apologies are made. According to Time.com, South Korea&#39;s Ambassador to the U.S., Lee Tae Shik, pledged to fast for 32 days to show his sorrow. That seems strange. Doesn&#39;t it? Jeff Adair is a Daily News writer and editor. He can be reached at jadair@cnc.com. -- Original Source: Framingham, MA - The MetroWest Daily News <a href="http://www.metrowestdailynews.com/opinions/x416900269">http://www.metrowestdailynews.com/opinions/x416900269</a> Licensed under <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.5</a>. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.5 Title A name given to the resource Adair: Taking the VT massacre personally framingham korean massachusetts https://www.april16.vtlibraries.net/files/original/what_to_expect_37b9f6d421.pdf null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-13 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2007-07-13 13:58:09 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Brent Jesiek Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Family Therapy Center at Virginia Tech Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-13 Description An account of the resource (PDF, 3 pages, 144KB) Prepared by the Family Therapy Center at Virginia Tech Language A language of the resource eng Title A name given to the resource Adjusting to Campus Crisis: What to Expect and How to Cope behavioral coping crisis emotional ptsd resources stress traumatic event Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sara Hood Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Susan McMillan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-11 Description An account of the resource By: Susan McMillan<br /> Issue date: 4/24/07<br /> Section: News Emory will establish an Office of Critical Event Preparedness and Response to coordinate responses to catastrophic events, University officials announced Thursday. The office, CEPAR, will report directly to University President James W. Wagner. Although the announcement about CEPAR comes close on the heels of last week&#39;s shooting rampage at Virginia Tech, its director, Alexander Isakov, said the timing is coincidental. "What brought this to the foreground was the University&#39;s effort in the fall of 2005 to address the challenges of a pandemic strain of influenza," said Isakov, an associate professor of emergency medicine. The office was recommended by the Avian Influenza Task Force, which evaluated Emory&#39;s ability to respond to a flu pandemic, and it was first officially proposed in January 2006. CEPAR will also work on drawing up plans to deal with natural disasters, campus violence, disease outbreak and other situations. Isakov will assume his new position on May 1, and funding for the office begins Sept. 1, the start of the University&#39;s fiscal year. He said the staff of CEPAR will identify current emergency response plans in place across Emory&#39;s divisions and coordinate them to eliminate duplication. By making planning more efficient and cohesive, Isakov said, the University can ensure more effective responses to catastrophic events. In addition, by bringing together Emory&#39;s emergency planning and response functions, CEPAR will be able to serve as a "central command and control center" in the case of a crisis, Isakov said. Emory also plans to enhance its emergency notification systems with a handful of new technologies, Emory Police Department Chief Craig Watson said. He said the timing of the announcement of the enhancements is also coincidental, since they emerged as recommendations from a task force last fall. "We&#39;ve been working on this for quite a while now," Watson said. One suggestion was a siren and public address system that could be used for inclement weather warnings or voice messages. Another addition would be a computerized paging system that could target key groups, such as building managers, or be used more broadly, like a text-message warning sent to registered cell phones. Less direct notification systems proposed include banners for Emory&#39;s cable TV system and the creation of an AM radio station that could also provide traffic and campus directions when there is no emergency. Watson said funding has been secured for these improvements and that they are expected to be in place by the end of 2007, if not sooner. -- Original Source: <a href=http://media.www.emorywheel.com/media/storage/paper919/news/2007/04/24/News/Administration.Emory.To.Open.Crisis.Office-2876089.shtml> Emory Wheel - April 24, 2007</a> Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource "Christopher H. Megerian" <cmegeri@LearnLink.Emory.Edu> Title A name given to the resource Administration: Emory to Open Crisis Office campus security emory university response https://www.april16.vtlibraries.net/files/original/100_0382_81e0e0c09b.JPG null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-05-09 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2008-05-09 14:15:07 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kacey Beddoes Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kacey Beddoes Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-05-09 Description An account of the resource One of the items on display at the Alumni Center Art Exhibit. On 4/16/08, as part of the Day of Remembrance observance, the Holtzman Alumni Center Museum displayed examples of art, crafts, quilts, and other memorabilia contributed since April 16, 2007. This is one of over 60,000 items that will eventually go to Special Collections at Newman Library. This flag was flown at half-staff from April 17, 2007 until sunset on April 27, 2007 at the American Embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan. It was then sent to VT with a letter expressing sincere condolences. The letter was signed by Ambassador William B. Wood, Darrell H. Chapman, VT class of 1990, Kirk Ingvoldstad, father of Nicholas J. Ingvoldstad VT class of 2010, Karen Johnson, mother of Matthew D.J. Mitchell VT class of Dec. 1998, and Sara Rosenberry, VT Faculty member 1977-1988. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kacey Beddoes (kbeddoes@vt.edu) Title A name given to the resource Afghanistan Embassy Flag afghanistan alumni center anniversary exhibit flag https://www.april16.vtlibraries.net/files/original/P1010510b_8a4feff35f.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-08-20 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2007-08-20 00:07:22 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Brent Jesiek Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Brent Jesiek Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-08-20 Description An account of the resource A young man and woman - likely students - are locked in an extended embrace after the close of the dedication ceremony for the intermediate memorial. Photo taken August 19, 2007. Licensed under <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0</a>. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Title A name given to the resource After the Ceremony dedication ceremony embrace hug intermediate memorial memorial dedication Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sara Hood Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sean Moroney Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-06-24 Description An account of the resource By: Sean Moroney Posted: 5/17/07 Other than being two of the most-read playwrights in history, Sophocles and Shakespeare share another common thread-a knack for writing gruesome but also unforgettable scenes. Likewise, Cho Seung-Hui, the Virginia Tech shooter who was a senior majoring in English, graphically described murder and violence in two plays he wrote for a class in the fall of his senior year. One difference between the well-known playwrights and Cho, however, was that their words stayed on the stage and Cho&#39;s played out in real life. Since the Virginia Tech massacre April 16, critics have questioned whether university administrators and professors could have taken further steps to prevent the shooting. Specifically, they have focused on Cho&#39;s two plays-"Mr. Brownstone" and "Richard McBeef," in which a 13-year-old threatens to kill his stepfather. "There is that understood latitude in creative writing," Duke English Professor Deborah Pope wrote in an e-mail. "There has to be that room to reach deeply. Not least of all because some of the greatest writers we know have written about quite disturbing events and characters. Many of the Greek plays and Shakespeare, as just two examples, are full of gore." In the English department at Duke, students can take a number of courses that either integrate creative writing into the curriculum or focus solely on it. Pope, who teaches creative writing, said she is not aware of an official policy on regulating a student&#39;s creative writing. "I don&#39;t know how there could be," Pope said. "It must rest with a teacher&#39;s individual judgment." Creative writing in college is a delicate issue because professors oftentimes encourage students to express themselves freely in their writing but at the same time must recognize when highly imaginative writing signals problems in the personal lives of the student. "I read both of [Cho&#39;s] short plays. I was pretty horrified and disgusted because I hate violence," said senior and English major Stephen Lee. "I haven&#39;t written anything equally violent or disturbing." Lee said he sometimes feels self-conscious about sharing his writing that is particularly grotesque due to fear of how other students might react. He added, however, that his creative writing professors have never censored a student&#39;s work just because it was violent or disturbing. "At Duke, I have read some disturbing stories written by fellow students, but I&#39;ve never felt remotely endangered because the author has always been able to explain and defend his or her creative choices," Lee wrote in an e-mail. A senior in Cho&#39;s playwrighting class, Steven Davis, told The New York Times that after reading Cho&#39;s play "Richard McBeef" one night, he turned to his roommate and said, "This is the kind of guy who is going to walk into a classroom and start shooting people." After noticing a pattern of odd behavior from Cho-which included taking pictures of women with his cell phone camera in a poetry class in his junior year and a taciturn personality, Lucinda Roy, chair of the English department and co-director of the creative writing program at Virginia Tech, began to tutor Cho privately. Roy and other professors took further steps to ensure that counseling was sought for Cho, who was ordered to attend a psychiatric facility in late 2005. But their actions were not enough to prevent the shooting. "Fortunately, I have never had to deal with writing that struck me as truly psychotic or sadistic," Pope said. "When I heard that the Virginia Tech&#39;s writing teacher, of all people, had raised red flags, my first reaction was, &#39;My god, it must have been something really, really, unsettling-it must have just been completely over the edge.&#39;" English major Melanie Garcia, Trinity &#39;07, said the way she approaches writing is to write about things that mean a lot to her. "By writing things down that are personal, I make them permanent-they become something outside of me," she said. "If it were a painful memory, it would not be as painful." -- Original Source: <a href=http://media.www.dukechronicle.com/media/storage/paper884/news/2007/05/17/News/After.Vatech.Violent.Creative.Writing.Raises.Concerns.On.Campuses-2904875.shtml> Duke Chronicle - May 17, 2007</a> Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Duke Chronicle Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource David Graham <david.graham@duke.edu> Title A name given to the resource After VaTech, violent creative writing raises concerns on campuses duke teaching violence writing Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sara Hood Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hannah McBride and Andrea Rodi Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-08-13 Description An account of the resource By: Hannah McBride and Andrea Rodi Posted: 4/25/07 Acknowledging cultural repercussions of last week&#39;s Virginia Tech shootings, Koreans at Boston University said they have been facing racial pressures as details have emerged about the killer, who came to the United States from South Korea when he was a child. Although Koreans -- whose culture traditionally values community support -- initially did not know how to react to the Virginia Tech shootings, many agree they should not feel responsible for the actions of Virginia Tech senior Cho Seung-Hui and should not fear persecution when expressing their culture, said BU Korean Student Association Secretary Clara Pyo. "Because it wasn&#39;t racism-driven, personally, we can be sorry that it happened, but we shouldn&#39;t feel responsible," she said. Almost immediately after Cho shot and killed 27 students and five teachers before killing himself on the Blacksburg, Va. campus April 16, many Korean organizations -- in the United States and overseas -- prepared for racial backlash against them. Members of BU Asian groups say they have not received a backlash from their peers, and the shootings are not a reflection of their culture. Nevertheless, KSA discussed taking extra precautions before its Korean cultural show, "Lost in Translation," on Saturday. Officers considered postponing the show, and the Student Activities Office offered to bolster security for it, but the group decided to continue with almost no changes. "We didn&#39;t know if we should be afraid or if we should celebrate [our heritage]," said Pyo, a School of Education sophomore, "but we decided that if there was any hostility against us, we didn&#39;t want to be swayed by the incident." In the wake of the shootings, the media can affect Americans&#39; perceptions of Asians, said BU Asian Student Union President Lisa Tobari. "[Media portrayal] impacts the way you behave and the way you see yourself," the College of Communication junior said. "[However,] the fact that [Cho] is Asian . . . hasn&#39;t really affected our identities as Asian people living in America." In following traditional Korean values of taking responsibility in the community, some natives have taken the shootings personally and feel dismayed by them, Pyo said. "It&#39;s not our job to apologize for his actions as Koreans," she said. "Not to say it wasn&#39;t a big deal, but we had nothing to do with it." The Virginia Tech shootings are another point in history when a specific group of people felt at risk for racial discrimination in association with violence, said New England Korean News Editor-in-Chief Andy Min, who referenced the 1991 Rodney King incident, in which the black New York taxi driver was beaten by three white police officers and a Hispanic officer, sparking race riots. "Some people worry that we&#39;re going to get hurt from other people because we&#39;re Korean and the killer was Korean," Min said. For Korean immigrants like Cho, an American upbringing can conflict with Asian culture, which may leave children confused and isolated, Min said. "The children don&#39;t know why they came," he said. "There&#39;s a trauma and a breakdown between where they came from and what they&#39;re adjusting to." Trying to honor both American and Korean cultures in shows like "Lost in Translation," one of KSA&#39;s goals is to reconcile dual-heritage conflicts, Pyo said. "[Korean Americans] have the struggle of being appreciative of Korean heritage and being Americanized," she said. "[The show is] mixing Korean heritage with what we have experienced growing up here." Cultural student groups and other students have the responsibility to foster a sense of community for isolated students to avoid situations like the Virginia Tech shootings, Pyo said. "Anyone that feels alone or alienated needs to find a group to join for community," she said. "I think that was really missing with [Cho]." -- Original Source:<a href=http://media.www.dailyfreepress.com/media/storage/paper87/news/2007/04/25/News/After.Vt.Koreans.Prepare.For.Backlash-2879775.shtml>The Daily Free Press - April 25, 2007</a> Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Daily Free Press Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Matt Negrin <editor@dailyfreepress.com> Title A name given to the resource After VT, Koreans prepare for backlash backlash korean identity boston university https://www.april16.vtlibraries.net/files/original/2419169815_f4d96b11b3_b_8fb9c7fb9c.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-05-02 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2008-05-02 15:29:34 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kacey Beddoes Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Brian Sewell Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-05-02 Description An account of the resource Memorial stone for Ross A. Alameddine on 4/16/08. Photo by Brian Sewell. -- Original Source: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/briansewell/2419169815/in/set-72157604577382666/">http://www.flickr.com/photos/briansewell/2419169815/in/set-72157604577382666/</a> Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Brian Sewell <bwsewell@vt.edu> Title A name given to the resource Alameddine memorial alameddine anniversary memorial stone https://www.april16.vtlibraries.net/files/original/P1020925_f9a3366f3f.JPG null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-05-07 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2008-05-07 17:08:36 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kacey Beddoes Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Brent Jesiek Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-05-07 Description An account of the resource Virginia Tech senior Alison St. Onge speaks at a student "lie-in" at the far end of the drillfield on April 16, 2008, A Day of Remembrance. Organized by St. Onge, the event was intended to memorialize the victims and protest easy access to firearms. Other family and friends of victims spoke at the event before dozens of supporters laid down in silent protest and reflection. Photo by Brent Jesiek. Licensed under Creative Commons <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/">Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0</a> Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Brent Jesiek (bjesiek@vt.edu) Title A name given to the resource Alison St. Onge Speaks at Lie-In alison st. onge anniversary Drillfield lie-in https://www.april16.vtlibraries.net/files/original/145778438_IMG_7263_8d896d38dd.JPG null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-04-24 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2007-04-24 16:38:30 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Tony Rice Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tony Rice Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-04-24 Description An account of the resource an empty tissue box sits on board filled with sentiments from mourners. Language A language of the resource eng Title A name given to the resource all cried out Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kacey Beddoes Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Anita Pere Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-02-04 Description An account of the resource By Anita Pere Staff writer Baylor alumnus David Paul Cunningham, who in May threatened to destroy various buildings on Baylor&#39;s main campus, received three years of probation Thursday in a U.S. district court. According to his attorney, Vik Deivanayagam, Cunningham, 34, was able to avoid prison time due to mental instability stemming from a serious head injury incurred while playing rugby at Baylor. Cunningham faced a total of 20 years in prison for two felony counts of "maliciously conveying false information." On May 1, Cunningham called a Baylor switchboard operator and told her he planned to place diesel drums in the basements of every building at Baylor, according to court records. Cunningham said he would take this action in response to his perceived involvement of Baylor in the Virginia Tech shootings. The Baylor Police Department was able to trace the call to a hotel room in Tyler, Cunningham&#39;s hometown. The next day, Cunningham called Baylor Police Chief Jim Doak, threatening bodily harm. Again, he mentioned the Virginia Tech incident. The call was traced to the same hotel room. The Tyler Police Department arrested Cunningham later that day. "The justice system worked as it is supposed to," Doak said of the sentencing. According to an article appearing in the Waco Tribune-Herald, Deivanayagam was able to convince U.S. District Judge Walter J. Smith Jr. that Cunningham did not grasp the levity of these threats and did not plan on carrying them out. Deivanayagam said Cunningham was more or less "blowing off some steam." Also in the article, Cunningham apologized to Judge Smith and said, "I just don&#39;t have a lot of tact in dealing with police enforcement." Cunningham wrapped up his court statement by saying he wanted to see the elephants at the zoo in Tyler. According to Baylor Lariat archives, Cunningham was kneed in the head during a scrimmage against the University of Texas in 1995. Cunningham suffered a concussion, a broken nose and a skull fracture. He missed two weeks of school and his injuries required cosmetic surgery. Cunningham graduated the next spring with a degree in engineering. He was expelled for undisclosed reasons as a graduate student in 2001 -- Original Source: The Lariat <a href="http://www.baylor.edu/Lariat/news.php?action=story&story=47982">http://www.baylor.edu/Lariat/news.php?action=story&story=47982</a> Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Julie Freeman (Julie_Freeman@baylor.edu) Title A name given to the resource Alum receives probation for &#39;maliciously conveying false information&#39; baylor diesel drums in basements maliciously conveying false information threat https://www.april16.vtlibraries.net/files/original/im_070416_april16_03_612f84d289.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-08-31 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2007-08-31 09:46:59 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Haeyong Chung Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ivan V. Morozov Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-08-31 Description An account of the resource 2007.04.16. News satellite trucks at the Holtzman Alumni Center. Photo courtesy of Ivan V. Morozov Language A language of the resource eng Title A name given to the resource Alumni Center broadcast satellite truck alumni center Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sara Hood Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Felicia Daniels Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-10 Description An account of the resource By Felicia Daniels Sun Staff Writer Apr 19 2007 Brenda Scinto &#39;87 was in her bedroom studying in 1983, when two freshman women, Young Hee Suh &#39;87 and Erin Nieswand &#39;87, were fatally shot in the room above her by 26-year-old Su Yong Kim. Scinto said she does not remember much about that year academically, but 26 years later, she remembers everything about that particular Saturday night. Monday&#39;s shootings at Virginia Polytechnical Institute brought back a flood of memories for her. "It was incredibly violent, an event that no one in that dorm that night or in dorms around us will ever forget," Scinto said. Kim, who was not a Cornell student, invaded the North Campus dorm Low Rise 7 on Saturday, Dec. 17, 1983 armed with a rifle. According to Scinto and police reports, Kim arrived at the dorm and confronted Suh and Nieswand in their room after Suh refused to see him. Scinto called Kim an "obsessed admirer and stalker of Suh." "We all heard him come in through the back fire escape stairs. Those doors were supposed to have been locked but everyone kept them propped open, and that&#39;s how he got in. He came in through the fire escape stairway and entered the suite above me," she said. Less than 30 minutes later, Scinto heard gunshots as Kim murdered Suh and Nieswand. She then heard footsteps as he fled back down the staircase. Though only two people lost their lives, the incident had potential to be even more traumatic. Kim held five additional students hostage in Suh&#39;s room before releasing all but the two roommates. Joel Melby &#39;84 lived on the floor below and remembers how much uglier the situation could have turned. "It was only because the man&#39;s primary target, a quiet, shy, freshman girl, persuaded him to let most of the others go. Her bravery saved the lives of all but herself and her roommate. What if she hadn&#39;t found the courage to do so?" he asked in a comment on The Sun&#39;s website. "What if" is a question many students are asking as they worry that shootings like the ones at Virginia Tech could happen at Cornell, and whether or not the University could handle such desperate conditions. Evan Kalman &#39;08 does not feel any college is "equipped to handle a major situation." "You can criticize [a school&#39;s] lack of security, but not their lack of action. If there is a murder on campus you could say, &#39;stay in your rooms,&#39; but I guess that can&#39;t really prevent anything either," he said. Isha Tohill &#39;08 believes the events at Cornell in 1983 and the Virginia Tech murders emphasize holes in security at all college campuses. She said it was a mistake for Virginia Tech not to take any immediate precautions after the first shooting other than sending an e-mail two hours later stating that a shooting had occurred. "I know it&#39;s a big school, but they should have had people patrolling the whole campus, especially since they didn&#39;t know where the shooter was," Tohill said. Scinto found it frustrating watching the coverage at Virginia on Monday. She also criticized the delay in reporting the first shootings since technology is now better than it was in 1983. There was no e-mail sent in 1983; information was spread through word of mouth and over landline phones, Scinto said. "When the hostages were released in Low Rise, the resident advisors were immediately told what was going on and within minutes the police were there, buildings all over campus were locked down and police caught him within two miles of the dorm," Scinto said. "I don&#39;t know what the time frame is when administration was notified about the first shootings, but it had to be before two hours." Still, some students believe it is impossible to stop acts of violence and that something could happen at Cornell again or at any other college. Tohill said it is hard to prevent violent situations on campus, "unless every single building has card access that changes every semester according to who has classes in those buildings, and even then it&#39;s not fool proof." According to Kalman, a false sense of security will leave colleges vulnerable to attacks."You&#39;re not quite home in Ithaca, but you&#39;re very much not in the real world," he said. While the Virginia Tech community mourns 32 students and teachers, Cornell continues to offer condolences and support. Some are shocked from a distance, others personally affected by the rampage, but all share grief as many members of the Cornell community have friends and relatives attending and working at Virginia Tech. Though Cornell students were certainly affected by such a recent horrific event, many Cornell students are likely unaware of the University&#39;s tragedy decades ago. In a post on The Sun&#39;s website, Melby urged students not to become so far removed from the Virginia Tech tragedy that they forget the event "beyond the prayers and the tears." He stated, "Please don&#39;t believe that it couldn&#39;t have happened on our campus, because it already has." -- Original Source: <a href=http://cornellsun.com/node/23016> Cornell Daily Sun - April 19, 2007</a> Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Cornell Daily Sun Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Jonny Lieberman <jdl46@cornell.edu>, <lieberman.jonny@gmail.com> Title A name given to the resource Alums Recall 1983 C.U. Murders 1983 tragedy campus response cornell https://www.april16.vtlibraries.net/files/original/NEWNTELOMA16952860-0006_b4b85cc0c0.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-04-01 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2008-04-01 21:06:25 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Randy Owen Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Randy Owen Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-04-01 Description An account of the resource When I came around the corner, I was moved by the care given in this simple, but strong message. Language A language of the resource eng Title A name given to the resource Always displays flowers message roses memorial war memorial