40 20 1884 https://www.april16.vtlibraries.net/files/original/010 Joycelyne Couture-Nowak_627be21735.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-04-21 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2008-04-21 15:56:01 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kacey Beddoes Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Teri H. Hoover Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-04-21 Description An account of the resource Items left at the memorial plaque of Joycelyne Couture-Nowak on the drillfield. Photo taken on 4-27-07. Photo by Teri H. Hoover. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Teri H. Hoover <crystalirisphotos@gmail.com> Title A name given to the resource Joycelyne Couture-Nowak couture-nowak Drillfield memorial https://www.april16.vtlibraries.net/files/original/012 Juan Ramon Ortiz-Ortiz_48927aef90.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-04-21 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2008-04-21 16:00:39 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kacey Beddoes Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Teri H. Hoover Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-04-21 Description An account of the resource Items left at the memorial plaque of Juan Ortiz-Ortiz on the drillfield. Photo taken on 5-1-07. Photo by Teri H. Hoover. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Teri H. Hoover <crystalirisphotos@gmail.com> Title A name given to the resource Juan Ramon Ortiz-Ortiz Drillfield memorial ortiz-ortiz https://www.april16.vtlibraries.net/files/original/025(2) Julia Kathleen Pryde_8e16e30975.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-04-21 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2008-04-21 16:43:29 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kacey Beddoes Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Teri H. Hoover Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-04-21 Description An account of the resource Items left at the memorial plaque of Julia Pryde on the drillfield. Photo taken on 5-1-07. Photo by Teri H. Hoover. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Teri H. Hoover <crystalirisphotos@gmail.com> Title A name given to the resource Julia Kathleen Pryde Drillfield memorial pryde https://www.april16.vtlibraries.net/files/original/00007632-200707150-00002_f10c53772c.pdf null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-08-26 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2007-08-26 20:50:10 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Brent Jesiek Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource William S. Marras, Ian A. F. Stokes, and Mark F. Abel Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-08-26 Description An account of the resource (PDF, 172KB; Full text below.) <b>Kevin Granata, PhD (December 29, 1961-April 16, 2007) [Obituary]</b> Marras, William S. PhD; Stokes, Ian A. F. PhD; Abel, Mark F. MD Address correspondence to William S. Marras, PhD, E-mail: marras.1@osu.edu; Ian A. F. Stokes, PhD, E-mail: istokes@uvm.edu; and/or Mark F. Abel, MD, E-mail: MFA2M@hscmail.mcc.virginia.edu Kevin Granata, PhD, died tragically at the age of 45 on April 16, 2007 on the campus of Virginia Tech where he had worked since 2003. He had started the Musculoskeletal Biomechanics lab at Virginia Tech and held the rank of Professor of Engineering Science and Mechanics. Dr. Granata was a prolific and innovative contributor to the field of spinal biomechanics. Dr. Granata earned a PhD in biomechanics in the Biodynamics Laboratory at Ohio State University in 1993, where he used both analytical models and experiments with human subjects to determine the magnitude of muscle forces around the lumbar spine in the work place. His early contributions in this area dealt with integrating electromyographic (EMG) data into analytical models, reflex responses to loads, and the relationship to trunk stability. He also expanded understanding of how brain injury in children with cerebral palsy interferes with balance and movement, using his training in dynamics and control theory. Dr. Granata was one of the most gifted engineers in the field of biomechanics. His scientific achievements are documented in 66 peer-reviewed articles published in a broad range of scientific journals, including <i>Spine</i>. His extraordinary productivity in his tragically shortened career was directed especially at two areas of control theory applied to neuromuscular control of movement—movement impairments in people with cerebral palsy and dynamic aspects of trunk stability. He introduced new and challenging concepts, questioning the accepted paradigms. He pioneered the idea of reflex dynamics in trunk stability, representing the trunk as a multi-joint system stabilized by muscles having activation dependent stiffness and reflex delays with variable gain. This was tested in critical experiments involving pseudo-random perturbations of human subjects, with the data subjected to nonlinear systems-identification analyses. His most recent paper establishes the necessity for having reflex muscle responses in the control of spinal stability. He was extraordinarily talented in his thinking, in attracting the best students, and tenacious in obtaining funding and pursuing rigorous peer-reviewed publications for his work. Visiting his lab was exhilarating. In all areas of his research, he combined innovative theoretical models and tested them in cunningly designed experiments using human subjects. He undertook ambitious clinical gait studies, including pre- and postoperative comparisons, to identify interactions between gait patterns and recruitment of multi-joint limb muscles. These theories are now making their way into clinical practice. Dr. Granata was extremely logical and had a keen intellect. He was a big picture thinker and possessed a "moral intellect;" he always tried to do the right thing. He was a gifted lecturer and teacher, and a great mentor to his students whom he respected, and from whom he commanded respect. While he delved into complex concepts to spinal stability, he was able to make these concepts understandable to everyone; he loved to use simple models to clarify complex theoretical ideas. Like most successful people, Kevin Granata was determined, tough, disciplined, and highly educated. His Ohio upbringing included farm work, carpentry, athletics, and of course academics. Kevin was clearly a whole person; he was a consummate educator, a man of action, and a compassionate family man. His immediate family that survives him includes his wife, Linda, and three beautiful, bright children to whom he was devoted. It is estimated that Kevin Granata&#39;s memorial service was attended by nearly 1000 people; he touched the lives of so many. He will be sorely missed by numerous colleagues around the country, around the world, and by the generations of students whom he has mentored. -- Archived with permission of publisher. Original Source: Spine, Volume 32(16), 15 July 2007, p 1699 <a href="http://www.spinejournal.com/pt/re/spine/abstract.00007632-200707150-00002.htm;jsessionid=GSpb6WnRHjhjVGPCh7MRpZJ1pL1GG6YHGZ40vRNxnzLcQntGSlB3!-79285651!181195629!8091!-1">http://www.spinejournal.com/pt/re/spine/abstract.00007632-200707150-00002.htm;jsessionid=GSpb6WnRHjhjVGPCh7MRpZJ1pL1GG6YHGZ40vRNxnzLcQntGSlB3!-79285651!181195629!8091!-1</a> Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource David O&#39;Brien Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Medical Research, a division of Wolters Kluwer Health Worldwide Copyright Management Group Licensing Manager 351 W. Camden St. Baltimore, MD 21201 + 1 410.528.4016 PH + 1 410.528.8550 FX David.OBrien@wolterskluwer.com Title A name given to the resource Kevin Granata, PhD (December 29, 1961–April 16, 2007) [Obituary] biomechanics granata kevin granata obituary spine victim https://www.april16.vtlibraries.net/files/original/013 Kevin P_92cb0d4251. Granata.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-04-21 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2008-04-21 16:08:47 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kacey Beddoes Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Teri H. Hoover Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-04-21 Description An account of the resource Items left at the memorial plaque of Kevin Granata on the drillfield. Photo taken on 4-27-07. Photo by Teri H. Hoover. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Teri H. Hoover <crystalirisphotos@gmail.com> Title A name given to the resource Kevin P. Granata Drillfield granata memorial https://www.april16.vtlibraries.net/files/original/100_0472_5af584906f.JPG null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-05-10 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2008-05-10 12:00:21 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kacey Beddoes Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kacey Beddoes Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-05-10 Description An account of the resource One of the kites made on 4/16/08 as part of the "Remembering Through Art Creation" activities. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kacey Beddoes (kbeddoes@vt.edu) Title A name given to the resource Kite anniversary kite remembering through art https://www.april16.vtlibraries.net/files/original/100_0457_73c61e761b.JPG null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-05-10 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2008-05-10 11:50:47 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kacey Beddoes Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kacey Beddoes Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-05-10 Description An account of the resource Create-a-Kite was one of the "Remembering Through Art Creation" activities on 4/16/08. A sign for the activity said, "Unfurl your kite and decorate with images of hope and love, words of peace, strength and comfort. Take your kite outside and watch it lift your message to the sky and rise to the heavens. You may keep your kite or return it for others to fly." Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kacey Beddoes (kbeddoes@vt.edu) Title A name given to the resource Kites anniversary kite remembering through art https://www.april16.vtlibraries.net/files/original/100_0298_52761500a3.JPG null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-04-10 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2008-04-10 09:41:11 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kacey Beddoes Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kacey Beddoes Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-04-10 Description An account of the resource This Kokeshi doll in Hokie colors was sent from a school in Yokosuka, Japan. Kokeshi dolls are traditionally given to children when they visit foreign lands. This one was sent in memory of the innocence lost in the tragedy. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kacey Beddoes (kbeddoes@vt.edu) Title A name given to the resource Kokeshi Doll japan kokeshi doll perspective gallery squires Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Brent Jesiek Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ekklesia Staff Writers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-06-17 Description An account of the resource News Brief By staff writers 21 Apr 2007 Korean and American Korean church leaders are calling for "healing, reconciliation and peace" amid concerns that the Virginia Tech shootings by a South Korean native could lead to a backlash against Koreans. "I was really shocked to hear that this senseless crime was committed by a Korean-immigrated student," said Bishop Kyung-Ha Shin, president of the Council of Bishops of the Korean Methodist Church. In a letter from Seoul sent on 18 April 2007, Bishop Shin offered condolences to the bereaved families and the American people while hoping "there will be no undesirable negative feeling and attitude toward Koreans." Meanwhile, in the United States, more than 250 leaders of the National Association of Korean American United Methodist Churches were holding their annual meeting 16-19 April in Chicago when the shooting occurred. As word of the shooter&#39;s identity spread, the mostly clergy participants began receiving calls from their home churches asking for guidance. "The whole community was in shock and did not know how to respond, but we prayed for the victims and their family members and the school and the community," said the Rev Keihwan Ryoo, editor of United Methodists in Service, who was reporting on the gathering on behalf of the Korean-language magazine published by United Methodist Communications. Several pastors received reports that Korean American students had been bullied in their mostly white schools as the week progressed, Ryoo said. The caucus held a memorial service for the shooting victims and released a pastoral letter. "We pray that the violence that has needlessly taken innocent lives does not escalate nor happen again," said the Rev Hoon Kyoung Lee, chairman of the association. "Furthermore, we are especially concerned that the immigrant community and the children of minorities may become targeted by anti-racial backlash because of this incident. "We pray that all of our friends and neighbors will support the Korean-American community in striving for healing, reconciliation and peace." The 16 April 2007 massacre in Blacksburg, Virginia, left 33 people dead, including the lone gunman, Cho Seung-Hui, a 23-year-old senior majoring in English literature. Born in South Korea, he moved to the United States in 1992 at age 8 and was raised in the suburbs of Washington DC, where his parents worked at a dry cleaner store. Authorities said Cho appeared to shoot his victims randomly. In a video made prior to the killings and sent to NBC-TV, he ranted about rich kids and portrayed himself as persecuted. Lee asked people throughout the church to prayer for the shooting victims and their families, the family and friends of Cho, and the minority and immigrant community in the United States. "We departed from this meeting with a heavy heart," Ryoo reported. "A lot of churches planned special memorial services over the weekend." Bishop Hee-Soo Jung, of the Northern Illinois Conference, said the church&#39;s American Korean community is "weeping and praying" with the rest of the world. He said grief and concern over such events cross all racial and ethnic lines. "We pray for our young people and those feeling a sense of vulnerability, isolation, insecurity and fear on their campuses, and even in their homes," Jung wrote in a pastoral letter from his Chicago office. "... I encourage each of us to offer the ministries of comfort, healing and love." <i>[With grateful acknowledgments to the United Methodist Church News Service USA and reporter Marta W. Aldrich]</i> -- Original Source: Ekklesia <a href="http://www.ekklesia.co.uk/node/5109">http://www.ekklesia.co.uk/node/5109</a> This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/uk/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 England & Wales License</a>. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 England & Wales License Title A name given to the resource Korean church leaders caution against backlash after US shootings christian korea korean korean american methodist reconciliation violence Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sara Hood Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hae Min Sung Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-08-24 Description An account of the resource By: Hae Min Sung, Contributing Writer Posted: 4/24/07 There was a Virginia Tech Massacre. Everyone was horrified. The killer committed suicide in the end, but he had already killed 32 people. Whenever I turned on the television, I saw the killer&#39;s face, and I watched the video clips the killer sent to NBC. I am a Korean. And at some point, I wish that I could speak some Japanese or Chinese so that I wouldn &#39;t have to admit it. That doesn&#39;t mean that I don&#39;t want to be a Korean or I hate my nationality. But for now, I really don&#39;t want to face. When I heard the killer was a Korean, I didn&#39;t want to believe it. Korea is a peaceful nation, and we don&#39;t do that kind of terrible thing, I thought. I didn&#39;t do it, but I am so ashamed as a Korean. He just ruined my country&#39;s name. There was a cherish ceremony in Los Angeles&#39; Korea town right after the massacre was broadcasted. Some people say it&#39;s an overreaction that Korean people blame themselves, so much so that many Americans scoff at Koreans. Unlike America, Korea is a nation of collectivism. Nation, society and groups come first, then individuals. That is why people are ashamed themselves as parents, as students and as Koreans. It is not only the killer&#39;s problem, but also Koreans&#39;. I don&#39;t know what to say to those victims&#39; families and to Americans. I cannot say anything but "I&#39;m sorry." Whenever people talk about the massacre, I really want to leave. Wherever I go, I feel like people see me in anger because I am Korean, even though I know that they really don&#39;t know whether I am or not. At some point, I am scared that people might hate me because I am a Korean. At another point, I am scared that people might hit me or say something because I am a Korean. I don&#39;t think that American people are that irrational to hit somebody only because they have the same nationality that killer has. But I am afraid because as a Korean, I am ashamed of myself. The killer said that the society made him like that and he didn&#39;t have any choice. He thought everyone hated him and treated him wrong, and he wouldn&#39;t run away from people and society anymore. I don&#39;t want to say something bad to a person who has the same nationality as I do. But the killer was a psycho, and his way to face "the enemy" was definitely wrong. Why are other people the enemy, and why does he think society is treating him wrong? What&#39;s he running from, and why does he have no choice but to kill people? What&#39;s wrong with this guy??!! I am so confused. I am so angry at him and feel so sorry for the victims, victims&#39; family and everyone, but at the same time, I felt so bad for him as a Korean. If he were not a Korean, I think, I might not feel this confusion; instead I&#39;d just blame the murderer and feel bad for people involved in the massacre. I wish that he were not a Korean. But he is; I cannot change that. I cannot change anything. I cannot do anything for the victims, their family and for people. I just can say I am so sorry. -- Original Source:<a href=http://media.www.smudailycampus.com/media/storage/paper949/news/2007/04/24/Opinion/Korean.Feelings.On.Virginia.Tech.Massacre-2876142.shtml>SMU Daily Campus - April 24, 2007</a> Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available SMU Daily Campus Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource "Norris, Mark William" <mnorris@mail.smu.edu> Title A name given to the resource Korean feelings on Virginia Tech massacre southern methodist university https://www.april16.vtlibraries.net/files/original/100_0371_6d2c111d2e.JPG null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-05-09 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2008-05-09 13:42:58 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kacey Beddoes Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kacey Beddoes Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-05-09 Description An account of the resource One of the items on display at the Alumni Center Art Exhibit. On 4/16/08, as part of the Day of Remembrance observance, the Holtzman Alumni Center Museum displayed examples of art, crafts, quilts, and other memorabilia contributed since April 16, 2007. This is one of over 60,000 items that will eventually go to Special Collections at Newman Library. A Kite of Compassion sent from Drew University Theological School Korean Caucus. A letter accompanying the kite expressed students&#39; deepest condolences to the victims and their families as well as prayers for Seung Hui Cho and his family. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kacey Beddoes (kbeddoes@vt.edu) Title A name given to the resource Korean Kite alumni center anniversary exhibit kite korea Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Brent Jesiek Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource C.N. Le Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-06-06 Description An account of the resource Sunday, April 22nd, 2007 At the risk of overanalyzing the events surrounding the shootings at Virginia Tech last week, I would like to offer one last set of observations. In my previous posts, I&#39;ve acknowledged that certainly, there are many complicated emotions and reactions to these tragic events. This also applies to Koreans and Korean Americans, for whom this event stirs up additional feelings that include <b>guilt, shame, and embarrassment</b> based on the fact that the gunman was Korean American. As one article from <a href="http://news.newamericamedia.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=2d3b885a913020630dd2537a0eeaf9ed">New American Media</a> describes, many Koreans felt that Cho&#39;s murderous rampage tarnished the image of Koreans and Korean Americans and that it would lead to a backlash against them. Korean government officials have also issued repeated apologies, perhaps fearing that an association with Cho would interfere with their diplomatic and/or economic relations with Americans. In talking about this particular issue with my Korean American colleagues, many of them observe that for whatever reasons, many Asian Americans in general, but Koreans in particular, are very quick to personalize and internalize the high-profile public failures of anyone identified as Korean or Korean American, and to therefore feel a deep and profound sense of humiliation and guilt about such events. The implication is that somehow, the entire Korean/Korean American community is "responsible" or "at fault" in some way for Cho&#39;s actions. In contrast, many Koreans/Korean Americans, particularly younger or more "Americanized" members, feel that while they obviously share in the shock, grief, and sorrow regarding the tragic events at Virginia Tech, their community should not have to feel that they are somehow responsible for what Cho did just because he was Korean American, in the same way that Whites as a collective group were not responsible for the shooting massacre at Columbine High School eight years ago, nor any of the other high-profile school shootings in recent American history. I happen to agree with that sentiment, but I think it&#39;s a more complicated issue than that. The question that comes to mind for me is, where do we as Asian Americans draw the line between <b>shared guilt versus group solidarity</b>? In other words, in most other respects, many Asian Americans including myself have consistently tried to encourage a sense of pan-Asian American unity and solidarity. This effort is based on the notion that in emphasizing our commonalities and uniting as a collective group, Asian Americans can speak with a louder and more powerful collective voice in American society, rather than as isolated individuals or ethnicities. But with that in mind, is it then a contradiction to disassociate ourselves from Seung-Hui Cho in this case, and basically say that he wasn&#39;t "one of us" and to reject any insinuation that his ethnicity had anything to do with his actions (which would also imply that some Asian American may share some of his feelings of alienation, etc.)? Ultimately, I don&#39;t think that it has to be an either-or proposition. That is, we can still say that ultimately Cho&#39;s actions should be understood as the <b>aberrant behavior of an extremely troubled individual</b>, while at the same time saying that his mental illness could have been made worse by <u><b>feeling like an outsider and ridiculed for being different</b></u> -- sentiments that inevitably do exist among many Asian Americans. Thankfully, even though many Asian Americans may have similar feelings of alienation, they do not react by going on a murderous rampage. Nonetheless, we as Asian Americans should recognize and advocate that (1) we be treated with respect and tolerance -- especially those who might be otherwise seen as outcasts, (2) members of our community who are emotionally troubled be actively encouraged to seek help, and (3) mental health services should be readily available and culturally-competent. These efforts would go a long way in preventing not just tragic incidents like this, but also in reducing the difficulties many Asian American face in the complicated process of finding our identity within the complicated American racial landscape. -- Original Source: C.N. Le / CNLe.net <a href="http://www.cnle.net/2007/04/korean-reaction-to-va-tech-shootings-guilt-vs-solidarity/">http://www.cnle.net/2007/04/korean-reaction-to-va-tech-shootings-guilt-vs-solidarity/</a> Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource C.N. Le (le@soc.umass.edu) Title A name given to the resource Korean Reaction to VA Tech Shootings: Guilt vs. Solidarity blog cho korean korean american reaction https://www.april16.vtlibraries.net/files/original/vp_aa087fac2f.ill.4_20tease_t135.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-15 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2007-07-15 15:24:18 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sara Hood Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lina Chung Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-15 Description An account of the resource <b>Feeling guilty for sharing the Virginia Tech gunman&#39;s ethnicity will do more harm than good</b> By Lina Chung Friday, April 20, 2007 After Monday&#39;s Virginia Tech tragedy, shock reverberated among the Korean American community - the shooter, 23-year-old student Cho Seung-Hui, was a man of South Korean nationality. But, in an attempt to avert racial backlash, members of the community have only victimized themselves by allowing Cho&#39;s nationality to spark a collective sense of guilt and responsibility. "All Koreans in South Korea - as well as here - must bow their heads and apologize to the people of America," said the Rev. Dong Sun Lim, founder of the Oriental Mission Church in Koreatown, according to the Los Angeles Times. As a Korean American student, I sensed my parents&#39; fear of racial backlash when they called me Tuesday night. Worried about the media frenzy surrounding Monday&#39;s tragedy, they suggested I come home for the week until the situation calmed down. I was initially baffled at my parents&#39; concerns. But the following day, The New York Times and Los Angeles Times published articles reflecting this fear among South Korean parents across the U.S. And racial epithets against South Koreans were also flooding the Internet. Blog posts on sites such as Facebook and Sepia Mutiny (a blog site created by South Asians) attacked and pigeonholed South Koreans as violent, destructive people. "Koreans are the most hotheaded and macho of East Asians," said a Sepia Mutiny commentator. "Take that shit back to your own nation," said a Facebook user, according to an MSNBC article. Other Korean American UCLA students also observed a rise in concern among their parents. First-year business economics student Janice No, whose parents live in Virginia, expressed how her parents felt a heightened sense of uneasiness regarding Monday&#39;s massacre. "My family was concerned for my safety as a general university student," she said. "But the fact the shooter was Korean only increased their worrying." Even the South Korean foreign ministry issued a statement earlier this week that it hoped the tragedy and Cho&#39;s South Korean nationality wouldn&#39;t incite "racial prejudice or confrontation." Although events in the past few years - such as the 1992 L.A. riots, in which Korean-owned businesses were targeted and looted - have burned a harsh memory within the Korean American community in Los Angeles, we must acknowledge that Cho&#39;s actions were in no way a reflection on South Koreans as a whole. "Korean American students have assimilated more to American culture and don&#39;t feel threatened by the situation. We understand the gunman had personal problems that caused his attack and that it could&#39;ve been someone from any race," said second-year aerospace engineering student and L.A. resident Anthony Suh, who says his parents&#39; concerns stemmed from their experience with the L.A. riots. In regards to UCLA, some students feel secure that no danger or harm will arise due to their racial identities as Korean Americans. "There&#39;s such a big Korean community at UCLA, so I don&#39;t feel threatened," third-year molecular, cell and developmental biology student Yoonah Lee said. "But the fact (the gunman) was Korean just makes me more aware of the situation." Awareness may be justified, but openly acknowledging a sense of responsibility for having a shared ethnicity with Cho is not the right approach; it will only allow for stereotypes and more negativity to ensue. By choosing to walk in shame, we allow ourselves to be targeted. By choosing to hide, we allow ourselves to be hunted. Now is not the time for pointing fingers or living in fear. In the wake of such a horrible tragedy, our only collective responsibility - no matter what our ethnicity may be - is to offer support and sympathy to the Virginia Tech victims and their families in this time of need. -- Original Source: <a href=http://www.dailybruin.ucla.edu/news/2007/apr/20/ikorean_sense_shame_unjustifiedi/>The Daily Bruin - April 20, 2007</a> Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Daily Bruin Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Saba Riazati <editor@media.ucla.edu> Title A name given to the resource Korean sense of shame is unjustified backlash ethnic identity korean ucla Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sara Hood Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ilya Blanter Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-06-22 Description An account of the resource By Ilya Blanter Princetonian Senior Writer After the gunman in Monday&#39;s Virginia Tech massacre was identified as being of Korean origin by several news networks, members of Princeton&#39;s Korean community voiced apprehension over potential national reactions to the news. But students and alumni had mixed opinions about on-campus repercussions. "My parents ... are fairly concerned about other people trying to revenge their family&#39;s death or relative&#39;s death on Korean families," Jae Hammet &#39;09, whose parents live in Virginia, said. Hammet added that he is not worried about his classmates associating him with the Virginia Tech killer, however. "I think that Princeton students will understand that one person is not representative of the Korean community," he said, "and I think that most people here see that student as an outlier and not as a [typical] Korean person." The 23-year-old Cho Seung-Hui — who shot himself after taking the lives of 32 people — immigrated to the United States in 1992 from a Seoul suburb, along with his parents and older sister. News outlets have reported that he dealt with personal mental issues, including depression, a penchant for isolating himself from peers and a fascination with gore that manifested itself in two bizarrely violent screenplays he wrote, which have since been posted online. In contrast to Cho&#39;s struggles, his sister Sun-Kyung Cho &#39;04 graduated from the University with a degree in economics. She now works for the State Department. Princeton has a strong relationship with South Korea, with a consistently large contingent of students from the country matriculating at the University each year: The Princeton Facebook lists 20 students from Seoul alone. University trustee Y.S. Chi &#39;83 is of Korean descent, and Un-Chan Chung GS &#39;78 — a former president of Seoul National University — is widely thought to be considering a run for the country&#39;s presidency. Despite these connections, John Lee &#39;06, president of the Korean American Student Association (KASA) in 2005-06, said that he fears Monday&#39;s tragedy will taint some Princetonians&#39; attitudes toward their Korean classmates. "I would have liked to think that the Princeton community would be mature/intelligent enough to be an exception to this kind of racial antagonism," he said in an email, "but from what I have heard from my friends back in Princeton, it does not seem to be true." Hyeon Keun Kim &#39;10 echoed Lee&#39;s concerns, saying he has found "that in Princeton, Korean people are a little isolated ... I think some people might react harshly to Koreans [following the shooting]." So far, though, he personally has not experienced any negative repercussions, he said. Many Korean students said they think the national media has inappropriately emphasized the shooter&#39;s Korean identity. For example, the Associated Press story identifying Cho as the killer noted his South Korean nationality in the article&#39;s first few words. Cho, though a resident alien, had lived in the United States since the age of eight. "He&#39;s almost American," Jay Jiyong Kwak &#39;09 said. "I&#39;m a little annoyed that the press has emphasized his Korean-ness," Youngho Ryu &#39;07 said. Many in the Korean community added that news coverage of the tragedy should not emphasize the race of the shooter. "I hope it doesn&#39;t become a racial issue because the truth of the matter is, 33 people died," said Grace Kim &#39;07, who just stepped down as KASA president but specified that she no longer speaks for the organization. "The focus shouldn&#39;t be so much on the racial aspect but how to step back from the situation and how to prevent it from happening again and help people recuperate." Students also said their parents have been the ones expressing anxiety, while they themselves remain relatively unfazed. "It&#39;s a little embarrassing, but a lot of Korean-American college students are fleeing the campuses because their parents are concerned about them," Kim said. "My parents called me to see if I was okay, but I just kind of laughed at them because I don&#39;t think I&#39;m a target for racial attacks," Kim said, noting that her parents&#39; generation has had more direct experience with racial discrimination than she has. To address possible concerns among students, KASA has planned a forum for its members and anyone in the Princeton community tomorrow afternoon, Julia Yoon &#39;09, the organization&#39;s current president, said. "We&#39;re deeply saddened and really shocked by this event," she added, "not just as Koreans, but as fellow college students." — Princetonian senior writers Kate Carroll and Michael Juel-Larsen contributed reporting to this story. -- Original Source:<a href="http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/archives/2007/04/18/news/18133.shtml"> Daily Princetonian - April 18, 2007</a> Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Daily Princetonian Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kavita Saini <ksaini@Princeton.EDU> Title A name given to the resource Korean students afraid of backlash on campus backlash identity korean princeton Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Haeyong Chung Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kim Yoo-chul Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-10-11 Description An account of the resource Korean Students in US Nervous Over Rumor By Kim Yoo-chul Staff Reporter Tensions have risen in Korean communities in Virginia as rumors and allegations of Koreans being attacked spread. Even a U.S. university sent a letter of assurance to international students after police had confirmed the university shooter was a native of South Korea. ``Friends told me some Koreans who were living Richmond, the state capital, were hit and even Korean-owned stores were robbed,&#39;&#39; Choi Min-jin, 27, told The Korea Times in a telephone interview yesterday from Centreville, VA. She said tensions around Centreville were high as this was where Cho Seung-hui, the shooter lived. ``I am so scared to go outside as hostility against Koreans seems high,&#39;&#39; she added. A student in Virginia Tech said Korean students were hesitating to go to the school&#39;s cafeteria for fear of possible retaliation. ``They gather in threes or fours when they go out for lunch or buying something. Some of my friends stayed in their dormitory all day long,&#39;&#39; the student, said on condition of anonymity. Indiana University also advised its international students to report inappropriate behavior on the campus or in the community if it happens, a copy of an assurance letter obtained by the Times shows. ``While we believe it is unlikely that you will experience inappropriate behavior on campus or in the community, I am writing to assure you of our continued concern for your well-being and our commitment to provide you with assistance and support during your time at Indiana University,&#39;&#39; Christopher J. Viers, director of the Office of International Services said in an e-mail to the students. ``The Indiana University Police Department (IUPD) will respond promptly to requests for aid in emergency situations, with officers who are courteous and sensitive to cultural and linguistic differences,&#39;&#39; the letter added. Park Seo-kyoung, a senior of the school said the school&#39;s security officers handed out emergency contact numbers to foreign students. yckim@koreatimes.co.kr -- Original Source: Korea Times <a href="http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/nation_view.asp?newsIdx=1211&categoryCode=117 ">http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/nation_view.asp?newsIdx=1211&categoryCode=117</a> Language A language of the resource eng Title A name given to the resource Korean Students in US Nervous Over Rumor korea times Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sara Hood Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Martha Kim Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-11 Description An account of the resource By: Martha Kim Issue date: 4/24/07 Section: Letters to the Editor To the editor: As a Korean-American, I am appalled at the media&#39;s focus on the fact that the Virginia Tech killer was a "resident alien" from South Korea, even though he has lived in the U.S. for 15 of his 23 years of life. Had Cho Seung-Hui been born in a Western European country, his nationality would not have been a focal point of the news coverage. I feel that Koreans in America, or even those in Korea, should not feel the need or obligation to apologize for the actions of one man. Cho did not speak or act on behalf of Koreans everywhere, and he most certainly does not represent the attitudes Koreans have. My parents emigrated from Korea and many of my friends are also the children of Korean immigrants, yet none of us feel any desire to repeat what this man has done. So why should the Korean community in America fear a backlash? Should this group feel the need to make amends for a stranger&#39;s actions? As a Virginian, I grieve with the families and peers of the victims. I have many friends who attend Virginia Tech, and I was terrified for their well-being, both physically and psychologically, upon hearing the news. But I did not feel the necessity to apologize for his deeds. Had he been from Kansas, should all residents of Kansas have felt compelled to apologize? Yes, he was a resident alien from Korea who was socially inept and shunned by his classmates, but there are other aspects of his character that should be addressed instead of his ethnicity, such as the fact that he was mentally ill or that he was suicidal. We should be focused on recognizing signals of a troubled person and preparing to handle it appropriately instead of hounding on his race. I felt no shame to be Korean after this incident. Why does the world insist that I must? Martha Kim Class of 2010 -- Original Source:<a href=http://media.www.emorywheel.com/media/storage/paper919/news/2007/04/24/LettersToTheEditor/Korean.Students.Shouldnt.Have.To.Fear.Backlash-2875982.shtml>Emory Wheel - April 24, 2007</a> Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Emory Wheel Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource "Christopher H. Megerian" <cmegeri@LearnLink.Emory.Edu> Title A name given to the resource Korean Students Shouldn&#39;t Have to Fear Backlash backlash emory ethnic identities korean Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sara AA Hood Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Adam Templeton Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-03 Description An account of the resource By: Adam Templeton Posted: 4/26/07 The recent shootings at Virginia Tech have caused many to worry about a backlash against South Korean students. However, Korean students at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln say acts of discrimination have not occurred. And they hope it stays that way. "It hasn&#39;t been a problem," said Min Suk Shin, a business management graduate student and a member of the Korean Student Association. "Maybe in larger cities with larger Korean communities, but not here." Other students feel the actions of Cho Seung-Hui, a student from South Korea who committed the shootings, should not represent the South Korean community or the country itself. They also agree that Seung-Hui was unstable and burdened with psychological issues. "The first time I heard the news, it was surreal, that he was a South Korean-born student," said Sung Tae Kim, who is also a management graduate student and KSA member. "I felt some sort of connection," he said. "But, nothing&#39;s really connected; he had a personal problem." Shin said he felt a connection to the Virginia Tech tragedy "as a human being, a college student and as a Korean" but said Seung-Hui is not and should not become a symbol for the Korean community. Although there has been no reaction against South Korean students at the university, some were worried that the announcement of Seung-Hui&#39;s ethnicity could lead to violence. Shin said he became worried when he heard that Seung-Hui was born in South Korea because he felt it could lead to violence."I hope that doesn&#39;t happen," he said. Still, students remain confident that acceptance will prevail over ignorance. "I&#39;m sure many people in Lincoln don&#39;t connect him (Seung-Hui) to the whole of the Korean people," Kim said. "I don&#39;t feel some serious problem will happen in the community or to any individuals." Some students were concerned some people would not differentiate between North and South Koreans, associating all Koreans with President George W. Bush&#39;s "Axis of Evil." However, that sort of thinking does not appear widespread, they said. "That sort of ignorance may be there at the junior high or high school level, but it rarely happens in college," Shin said. -- Original Source:<a href=http://media.www.dailynebraskan.com/media/storage/paper857/news/2007/04/26/News/Koreans.At.Unl.Dont.Foresee.Backlash.After.Virginia.Tech.Shootings-2881896.shtml>Daily Nebraskan - April 26, 2007</a> Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Daily Nebraskan Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Josh Swartzlander <jdwriter19@yahoo.com> Title A name given to the resource Korean&#39;s at UNL don&#39;t foresee backlash after Virginia Tech shootings university of nebraska Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Haeyong Chung Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kang Hyun-kyung Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-10-11 Description An account of the resource By Kang Hyun-kyung Staff Reporter The latest Virginia massacre has shown that Koreans and Americans tend to handle cases of violence differently. Many Koreans have shown a collective guilt after the killer was found to be of Korean descent. But many Americans have said Koreans have no reason to feel guilty for the killing. ``I understand why some Koreans are feeling a collective guilt, and I think in some context it makes sense. But Korea is not the United States and what makes sense in Korea sometimes doesn&#39;t work the same way in the U.S,&#39;&#39; said Thomas Kim, executive director of the Korea Policy Institute (KPI) and professor of Politics & International Relations at Scripps College. In an e-mail interview, the Korean-American political scientist said, ``No white American in the U.S. felt the need to apologize because a white person _ U.S. military veteran Timothy McVeigh _ killed hundreds in the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995. Kim also used as an example the two school girls run over by a U.S. tank in 2002, which stirred civic group activists to organize anti-American rallies in Korea. ``When the two girls were run over by a U.S. tank, Americans did not feel any collective guilt. Americans weren&#39;t even aware of it,&#39;&#39; he said. He and many other Korean analysts said Americans viewed it as a pure car accident, which angered Koreans at that time. The misunderstanding came out cultural differences between the two countries. The U.S. Embassy in Korea last week categorized the Virginia incident as a domestic issue for which Koreans do not need to feel any guilt. Washington has shown reluctance over Seoul&#39;s plan to dispatch a condolence mission to the United States and to have public offices fly their flags at half-mast. President Roh Moo-hyun expressed his deep condolence for the victims and the family members three times to apologize for the fact that the shooter is an ethnic Korean. In its latest edition, Time Magazine reported that South Koreans&#39; collective sense of regret and guilt has manifested itself since the massacre at Virginia Tech. The magazine said ``The strong tendency of Koreans to perceive the tragedy in terms of Korean nationalism, in which the group trumps the individual&#39;&#39; is behind the unique national sentiment. Kim pointed out, ``There are innocent people who are victimized every day by young men from all different backgrounds, and what they share is having grown up in a society that glorifies violence and allows easy access to guns.&#39;&#39; He added it is time to shift the focus of the issue from ethnicity to finding the structural causes to prevent the reoccurrence of the tragic incident. ``Rather than focus on his race or ethnicity, we need to address why so many troubled young men in the United States feel that violence is their only outlet. Only then can we address the systemic causes of violence in the U.S,&#39;&#39; Kim said. Christine Ahn, fellow at the KPI, said Saturday on the MSNBC Today Show that it has been taboo for Koreans to speak publicly about mental illness. She also pointed out that it has only been in recent years that Americans have begun to discuss the issue openly. hkang@koreatimes.co.kr -- Original Source: Korea Times <a href="http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/nation_view.asp?newsIdx=1539&categoryCode=116 ">http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/nation_view.asp?newsIdx=1539&categoryCode=116</a> Language A language of the resource eng Title A name given to the resource Koreans, Americans Differ Over Collective Guilt korea times Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Elva Orozco Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Traducción libre Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-30 Description An account of the resource Traducción libre. Original en francés Publicado el 22 de Abril, 2007 El miércoles pasado se publicó en <b>Le Monde</b> una interesante entrevista realizada a Pap Ndiaye, historiador en la <b>Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales</b>, donde habla acerca de la cultura del arma de fuego en Estados Unidos. Esta entrevista fue impulsada por la tragedia ocurrida el pasado lunes 16 de abril en el Instituto Politécnico de la Universidad Estatal de Virginia en Blacksburg. Pap Ndiaye afirma que historicamente las armas de fuego en los Estados Unidos han tenido gran relevancia en el imaginario colectivo y que grupos de poder organizados en torno a su uso, como la <b>National Rifle Association</b>, juegan un papel fundamental en cuanto a la regulación de estos artefactos. Para Ndiaye este tipo de organizaciones se amparan en la Segunda Enmienda de la constitución estadounidense, la cual estipula que no se puede restringir el derecho de las personas a tener y portar armas. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ¿Usted piensa que se puede hablar de una cultura de la violencia en los Estados Unidos? Yo hablaría sobre todo de una cultura del arma de fuego, es decir, de una parte de la población americana para quienes poseer un arma no es únicamente un derecho, sino de igual manera una protección indispensable. Se ha conformado una comunidad de algunos millones de activistas que coleccionan armas, se entrenan regularmente, con frecuencia son miembros de la <b>National Rifle Association</b> (NRA), profesan un patriotismo a ultranza y se organizan eficazmente, en particular al seno del Partido Republicano. Por otra parte, la difusión masiva de armas de fuego favoriza su utilización rutinaria en situaciones de delincuencia, de conflicto, etc. Por ejemplo en Filadelfia en 2006 se registraron más de 330 muertos por arma de fuego. La situación se ha tornado tan alarmante en esa ciudad que los partidarios por el control de armas no militan por su prohibición, pero sí por una limitación en la venta de armas a razón de un arma por persona y por mes. Cada año se registran alrededor 10 000 homicidios por arma de fuego en los Estados Unidos, teniendo por víctimas y autores fundamentalmente a hombres jóvenes, de los cuales un número desproporcionado son negros e hispanos. Tan dramática es la situación que tiroteos como los de <b>Virginia Tech</b> cuentan poco dentro del total anual. En fin, existe una tradición de violencia política: los presidentes Lincoln, Garfield, McKinley y Kennedy fueron asesinados, del mismo modo que personalidades como Martin Luther King y Robert Kennedy. La cultura del arma de fuego afecta a la mayoría de los estadounidenses, pero eso no es objeto de una movilización política suficiente que permitiera hacer retroceder al poderoso grupo de presión de armas y los intereses económicos asociados. Tan solo las ventas anuales de armas de fuego ligeras sobrepasan el millón de dólares. Gracias a la NRA, desde 2005, los fabricantes de armas y de municiones están al abrigo de toda acción judiciaria. <b>¿Las armas son parte de la ideología americana?</b> En cierto sentido sí. La Segunda Enmienda de la Constitución estadounidense garantiza el derecho a poseer armas de fuego. Pero los historiadores han subrayado que las armas de fuego no siempre han hecho parte de la cultura americana. Antes de la Guerra de Secesión, muy pocos americanos poseían armas, comprendiendo a los habitantes del Oeste, que tenían más libros que fusiles... A partir de 1860, las armas se generalizaron, llegaron a ser menos caras y más precisas, fueron promovidas por los industriales del armamento y los políticos. Las armas formaron parte de la cultura popular gracias a personajes como Buffalo Bill, cazador de bisontes, que presentará la conquista del Oeste como una historia de carabinas y colts. La NRA fue fundada en la misma época, en 1871, y ha mantenido relaciones estrechas con el poder político hasta nuestros días. En su más reciente libro, Gun Show Nation (New Press, octubre 2006), Joan Burdick ha mostrado que la puesta en marcha de la Segunda Enmienda se remonta a los años 60, cuando una franja ultraconservadora del pais promovió las armas como medio para defenderse contra los movimientos sociales de la época, la sublevación negra, comunista y feminista, asociando su uso a un pasado mistificado: la de los verdaderos americanos de la libertad y el patriotismo. <b>Precisamente, la Segunda Enmienda es uno de los principales argumentos de la NRA... </b> Sí, pero es objeto de interpretaciones jurídicas variadas en un sentido más o menos liberal. Varias leyes han venido a regular el comercio de armas, desde el Gun Control Act de 1968 hasta la ley "Brady" de 1994, que impone la verificación de los antecedentes penales del comprador de un arma. Pero eso no atañe a las ventas en los "gun shows", las ferias donde se vende una cantidad increíble de armas de todo calibre. Conseguir un arma es siempre muy cómodo, particularmente en los Estados del oeste o el sur, como Virginia. <b>¿La matanza de Blacksburg puede hacer evolucionar el debate?</b> Víctimas, como las de Columbine en 1999, tuvieron la oportunidad de hacerse entender por los partidistas del control de armas, pero no supieron, hasta el presente, estar tan organizados como el grupo de presión de armas, muy bien representado en el Congreso y en la Casa Blanca. Sin embargo, el Congreso viene de cambiar de mayoría y el momento podría ser propicio para la consolidación de la legislación. Pero es necesario permanecer prudentes, ya que la NRA es influyente y activa. Es uno de los más poderosos grupos de presión en los Estados Unidos, de los cuales los 4 millones de miembros contribuyeron a las victorias electorales de George W. Bush. Los demócratas que piensan en la elección presidencial de 2008, se muestran circunspectos sobre la cuestión. Es probable que no pasará nada. -- Fuente Original: Sociología Contemporánea, Recursos electrónicos para la generación de crítica social. <a href="http://sociologiac.mitus-serveur.net/2007/04/22/la-cultura-del-arma-de-fuego-en-los-estados-unidos/">http://sociologiac.mitus-serveur.net/2007/04/22/la-cultura-del-arma-de-fuego-en-los-estados-unidos/</a> Licencia de Uso: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/"> Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0. Language A language of the resource spa Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 Title A name given to the resource La cultura del arma de fuego en los Estados Unidos cultura del arma de fuego national rifle association pap ndiaye segundaenmienda Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Elva Orozco Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ignacio Duelo Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-07-20 Description An account of the resource Creado por Ignacio Duelo 24 de Abril del 2007, 7:26 PM La reciente desgracia en el Virginia Tech, de los Estados Unidos, dejó mucho para analizar. Lo que cabe aquí, como reflexión, es el papel activo de los tres polos de la crisis -el estudiante psicópata, los estudiantes afectados y la casa de estudios- para comunicarse por sus propios medios con el público. El estudiante coreano tuvo la sangre fría, antes de proseguir su matanza y suicidarse, para hacer una filmación casera donde advertía de sus propósitos y sus motivos para llevar a cabo la matanza, y demostró un manejo espeluznante de la situación. Este video, después de que él mismo lo enviara a la NBC, fue visto en todo el mundo a través de innumerables medios, entre ellos You Tube. Por el lado de la universidad, tuvo reflejos rápidos ante la crisis. Su rector, Charles W. Steger, explicó que no habían cerrado las puertas del campus mientras la masacre tenía lugar, debido a que tienen 26.000 estudiantes y no sabían muy bien qué estaba ocurriendo, por lo cual no querían sobreactuar. Durante los acontecimientos, los estudiantes encerrados en sus habitaciones se comunicaban entre ellos a través de chats, blogs y otros recursos online. A la vez, la universidad les había enviado un e-mail a todos alertándolos de la situación. Pero lo que se destaca en la actuación del Virginia Tech es el uso de los medios comunitarios en la comunicación de crisis. Su sitio en Internet fue virtualmente reemplazado por otro con información al instante sobre las últimas novedades, que ahora ya tiene una sección "in memoriam" con los nombres de las víctimas. También se encuentra allí una serie de podcasts de las autoridades. Actualmente, la parte del sitio dedicada a este tema tiene un dominio propio. La ventaja de la Universidad de Virginia es, como hemos dicho en otra columna, su situación de víctima frente al gran villano, que resultó ser el estudiante coreano. Otros actores secundarios pueden ser afectados por este suceso impredecible: uno es el presidente George W. Bush, quien tuvo que ratificar su postura favorable a la libre tenencia de armas de fuego y debió comunicar su pesar por la masacre al mismo tiempo. Otro es Corea del Sur, país del que era oriundo el asesino. Si bien es obvio que no hay responsabilidad de esa nación (y que el maniático podría haber venido de cualquier otro lugar), de todas maneras la marca-país queda ligada a este episodio en el inconciente de muchos ¿Qué habría sucedido si este estudiante hubiera sido nacido en una nación del Islam? Además, el debate sobre las licencias para la portación de armas, que tiene a dos grandes sectores de opinión enfrentados, también se ve matizado por este suceso. No han faltado quienes culpan a los videojuegos, la música moderna y las películas violentas de instigar a los jóvenes a la violencia, y de llevar a episodios extremos como éste. Y los medios masivos, dice, son grandes responsables en este sentido. Para un observador del campo de la comunicación, el episodio constituye un caso que demuestra hasta qué punto hay crisis que son impredecibles. Si la Universidad de Virginia tenía escrito un manual de procedimientos para crisis, dudo bastante que hubiera contemplado una matanza de estudiantes a manos de un loco. En segundo lugar, este caso ratifica hasta qué punto el tiempo de resolución de una crisis se ha acotado, y cómo el control del mensaje es cada vez más difícil de mantener. Los medios comunitarios de primera y segunda generación (e-mails y celulares, blogs y grupos virtuales) se superponen con las comunicaciones institucionales de los organismos que antes monopolizaban la producción y la distribución del mensaje, y lo que es peor, compiten con ellos en credibilidad y cercanía emocional -- Fuente Original: ¿PODEMOS HABLAR? Reflexiones y aconteceres de la comunicación -Sitio en linea. <a href="http://podemoshablar.blogspot.com/2007/04/la-masacre-de-virginia-tech.html">http://podemoshablar.blogspot.com/2007/04/la-masacre-de-virginia-tech.html</a> Derechos Reservados: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/"> Creative Commons Atribución 2.5 Argentina. Language A language of the resource spa Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Atribución 2.5 Argentina Title A name given to the resource LA MASACRE DE VIRGINIA TECH armas de fuego bush comunicacion crisis