32 20 1884 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Brent Jesiek Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Fred Burton Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-22 Description An account of the resource <b>By Fred Burton</b> Tuesday, April 17th, 2007 Campus police at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in Blacksburg, Va., on April 17 identified the perpetrator of the shooting rampage on campus a day earlier as South Korean English student Cho Seung Hui. Thirty-three people died as a result of the attack and several others were injured, some seriously. The shooting began about 7:15 a.m. on the fourth floor of co-ed dormitory West Ambler Johnston Hall. According to reports, Cho shot and killed his girlfriend and then a resident assistant who responded to the sound of the shots. Police were investigating those shootings when Cho stormed Norris Hall, a classroom building some half a mile away, and opened fire on faculty and students, killing another 30 people. The rampage ended when Cho killed himself. Authorities have not released many of the details of the attack, though several important points can be ascertained from the known facts. Given the history of school and university shootings in the United States, the certainty that others will occur and the warning from the FBI about a possible <a href="http://www.stratfor.com/products/premium/read_article.php?id=260207">Beslan-style </a> militant attack, the lessons from the Virginia Tech attack can be instructive - perhaps even lifesaving. <b>Methodical Planning</b> First, the shooting was planned in advance and methodically executed. This conclusion is supported by the fact that Cho carried two pistols and loads of ammunition, that he went directly to another building for the second phase of the attack and that he used chains to secure the main doors to Norris Hall before opening fire. The chains served to keep targets inside the building and to impede the entry of responding law enforcement officers. Cho had studied the building and planned accordingly. Although criticism has begun over the level of security at Norris Hall, and Virginia Tech in general, attacks of this nature cannot be prevented by security devices and programs. Educational institutions, especially sprawling universities, are soft targets that cannot be hermetically sealed like a federal penitentiary. As such, prison-style security measures would be not only impractical, stifling and prohibitively expensive, but also ultimately ineffective — because even tight security cannot stop a determined, suicidal attacker. On campuses, even the best physical security measures — closed-circuit television coverage, metal detectors, identification badges, locks and so forth — have finite utility. These measures serve a valuable purpose, but they cannot stand alone. For one thing, the technology cannot evaluate and react. Also, it can be observed, learned and even fooled. Moreover, because some systems frequently produce false alarms, warnings in real danger situations can be brushed aside. Given these shortcomings, it is quite possible for anyone planning an act of violence to map out, quantify and then defeat or bypass physical security devices. In fact, security devices can be relied on too much, resulting in a <a href="http://www.stratfor.com/products/premium/read_article.php?id=271340">false sense of security</a>. History shows us that even adding guards into the mix is not enough to prevent attacks. The March 2005 <a href="http://www.stratfor.com/products/premium/read_article.php?id=246560">shooting</a> in Red Lake, Minn., demonstrates that even strict access-control measures, such as ID badges, metal detectors and security guards, can be circumvented -or neutralized. In Red Lake, the security guard was the first person killed. <b>Indicators of Planning</b> In past cases, school shooters often have given prior warnings as to their intentions. In other words, they did not just "snap" and go on a killing spree. In most cases, their attacks were methodically planned, often over a long period of time. Jeff Weise, the teenage student arrested for the Minnesota shootings, allegedly spent more than a year planning his attack, including conducting walk-through rehearsals and noting the location of security cameras. Weise also had help from a friend, who eventually pleaded guilty to transmitting threatening messages via the Internet. As in <a href="http://www.stratfor.com/products/premium/read_article.php?id=248076">workplace attacks</a>, one of the biggest contributing factors to school shootings is the failure to identify the warning signs or to take the signs (even obvious ones) seriously. Because of this, following the April 1999 Columbine shooting, the U.S. Department of Education and the U.S. Secret Service conducted an extensive study of school shootings and developed educational materials that have helped raise the awareness of such warning signs. The warning signs include sudden changes in a person&#39;s behavior, his or her decreased productivity, withdrawal from friends or the sudden display of negative traits, such as irritation, poor hygiene or snapping at or abusing fellow students. Perhaps the most indicative signs that serious trouble is looming are talk about suicide and/or the expression of actual or veiled threats. In most previous cases, especially those involving detailed planning, the factors leading to the violent outburst have built up over a long time. These factors have included failed romantic relationships, stress from family relationships, failing grades or perceived injustice at the hands of peers or teachers. As was highlighted in the Columbine case, quite often the shooter fantasizes about committing the attack for some time and even shares those fantasies with a friend or via an online form such as a blog or Web site. Due to the government&#39;s educational efforts, several attacks have been foiled by people who have recognized and reported the warning signs to authorities. Of course in some cases, the signs have been as blatant as students sharing their plans for an attack in advance with their friends or warning other students not to go to school on a certain day. Although the details of the events leading up to the Virginia Tech shooting are not yet clear, Cho apparently spent quite some time planning his attack, which strongly suggests he gave some indication of his intent that was not recognized or that he even made threats that went unheeded. There are now unconfirmed reports that Cho set at least one fire on campus, that he had stalked a student, that he had been sent for counseling and that he was taking an antidepressant. At least some of these indicators likely are true, and we anticipate that others will surface as the investigation into the attack progress. <b>Warning Systems</b> Some of the most critical comments about the Virginia Tech administration have centered on the long delay in notifying the faculty and student body that a shooter was at large, that the eventual warning was not transmitted to all and that it was confusing to those who did receive it. One source at Virginia Tech said many people received no warning and that communication of the event was "very much a case of who had cell phone or wireless devices before the system was overloaded and crashed." In some university buildings, such as the library, the public address system is not used to convey emergency instructions. The source said the result was that large clusters of students "seemed to be caught between orders to go inside and some sort of building evacuation instructions," and thus remained outside. This confusion was cleared up once police began using the PA systems on their vehicles to convey clear instructions to the students. So perhaps one of the biggest lessons from this attack will be the need for large institutions to have redundant and overlapping notification systems that will convey clear and consistent instructions. Such systems could incorporate e-mail notification, text messages and public address systems. Of course any such system would have to be routinely tested and refined to become more effective. <b>Contingency Planning</b> Historically, incidents of school shootings tend to spawn similar attacks so that three or four major incidents occur within a few weeks of one another. Given that precedent, the FBI&#39;s current concerns over a mass attack against a school, and the April 20 anniversary of the Columbine attack (which also is Adolf Hitler&#39;s birthday), it would be prudent for university security directors, local school boards, parents and students to review or establish emergency plans. Like 9/11, the massive 2003 <a href="http://www.stratfor.com/products/premium/read_article.php?id=221262">U.S. power outage</a> and <a href="http://www.stratfor.com/products/premium/read_article.php?id=254863">Hurricane Katrina</a>, the confusion evidenced in Blacksburg highlights the need for <a href="http://www.stratfor.com/products/premium/read_article.php?id=248481">contingency plans</a> in the event of an accident, natural disaster or attack by criminals or militants. Such plans are important not only for corporations and schools, but also for families and individuals. Furthermore, there should be a plan for each regular location — home, work and school — that outlines what each person will do and where they will go should they be forced to evacuate. This means establishing meeting points for family members who might be split up — and backup points in case the first one also is affected by the disaster. When such incidents occur, the ensuing chaos often results in difficulty communicating, as cell phone and regular phone circuits become overwhelmed with traffic. The lack of ability to communicate with loved ones can greatly enhance the panic felt during a crisis. Perhaps the most value derived from having a personal and family contingency plan is a reduction in the amount of stress that results from not being able to immediately contact a loved one. Knowing that everyone is following the plan — and that contact eventually will be established — frees each person to concentrate on the more pressing issue of evacuation. Because of this, communication is an important part of any such plan, and redundant forms of communication must be established in advance. Past crises such as 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina have shown that even if cell phone and regular phone circuits are jammed, text messages and e-mail frequently will continue to work. This means that every member of the family, including technophobes, must learn to use text messaging and e-mail. While no emergency plan can account for every eventuality, such plans do provide a framework from which to work, even during times of panic. The open nature of schools and universities makes preventing attacks on campuses extremely difficult — though a student body, faculty and staff that know the warning signs can be a vital line of defense. Once an attack begins, proper communications and well-designed contingency plans can minimize the casualty count. <b>Distribution and Reprints</b> This report may be distributed or republished with attribution to Strategic Forecasting, Inc. at <a href="http://www.stratfor.com/">www.stratfor.com</a>. For media requests, partnership opportunities, or commercial distribution or republication, please contact <a href="mailto://pr@stratfor.com/">pr@stratfor.com</a>. -- Original Source: <a href="http://crackerboy.us/emergency-preparedness-checklist/virginia-tech-shootings/">http://crackerboy.us/emergency-preparedness-checklist/virginia-tech-shootings/</a> This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/">Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License</a>. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License Title A name given to the resource The Virginia Tech Shootings: A Case for Redundant Communications blog communication contingency planning planning security technology warning systems https://www.april16.vtlibraries.net/files/original/1346933326_0670ed052e_o_5d21ba1797.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-22 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2007-09-22 14:07:29 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Brent Jesiek Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Matt Martz Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-22 Description An account of the resource View of stage from east side of Lane Stadium during A Concert for Virginia Tech, September 6, 2007. -- Original Source: Matt Martz <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/martz/1346933326/">http://www.flickr.com/photos/martz/1346933326/</a> Licensed under <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/deed.en-us">Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 Generic</a>. Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.0 Generic concert concert for virginia tech stage https://www.april16.vtlibraries.net/files/original/1341277329_f0922bf2c9_b_44dc5506a5.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-22 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2007-09-22 13:31:09 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Brent Jesiek Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kevin Cupp Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-22 Description An account of the resource John Mayer performing at A Concert for Virginia Tech, September 6, 2007. Photo courtesy of Kevin Cupp. -- Original Source: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/kevincupp/1341277329/">http://www.flickr.com/photos/kevincupp/1341277329/</a> Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kevin Cupp (k@vt.edu) Title A name given to the resource John Mayer concert concert for virginia tech john mayer mayer https://www.april16.vtlibraries.net/files/original/1341278425_07880c5235_b_b4a65ec382.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-22 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2007-09-22 13:36:47 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Brent Jesiek Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kevin Cupp Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-22 Description An account of the resource Dave Matthews Band performs at A Concert for Virginia Tech, September 6, 2007. Photo courtesy of Kevin Cupp. -- Original Source: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/kevincupp/1341278425/">http://www.flickr.com/photos/kevincupp/1341278425/</a> Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kevin Cupp (k@vt.edu) Title A name given to the resource Dave Matthews Band concert concert for virginia tech dave matthews band dmb https://www.april16.vtlibraries.net/files/original/1342165648_ab5981e723_b_58396b5229.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-22 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2007-09-22 13:40:37 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Brent Jesiek Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kevin Cupp Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-22 Description An account of the resource As master of ceremonies, Dave Matthews introduces fellow performers at A Concert for Virginia Tech, September 6, 2007. Photo courtesy of Kevin Cupp. -- Original Source: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/kevincupp/1342165648/">http://www.flickr.com/photos/kevincupp/1342165648/</a> Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kevin Cupp (k@vt.edu) Title A name given to the resource Master of Ceremonies, Dave Matthews concert concert for virginia tech dave matthews https://www.april16.vtlibraries.net/files/original/1342167070_dc5ebe73b9_b_fefa18702a.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-22 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2007-09-22 13:44:10 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Brent Jesiek Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kevin Cupp Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-22 Description An account of the resource Dave Matthews Band performing at A Concert for Virginia Tech, September 6, 2007. Photo courtesy of Kevin Cupp. -- <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/kevincupp/1342167070/">http://www.flickr.com/photos/kevincupp/1342167070/</a> Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kevin Cupp (k@vt.edu) Title A name given to the resource Dave Matthews Band performing at A Concert for Virginia Tech, September 6, 2007. concert concert for virginia tech dave matthews band dmb https://www.april16.vtlibraries.net/files/original/we are_178d50f9b9.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-20 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2007-09-20 18:34:37 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Nicholas Flaherty Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nicholas Flaherty Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-20 Description An account of the resource Local automobile sharing his thoughts. Language A language of the resource eng Title A name given to the resource We Are... automobile car message sign we are https://www.april16.vtlibraries.net/files/original/618734_bc790cd7fb.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-22 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2007-09-22 04:25:30 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Haeyong Chung Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kim Peterson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-22 Description An account of the resource Close-up of a large bell used during the memorial dedication ceremony on August 19, 2007. In the background, attendees visit the memorial as a large crowd disperses. Photo courtesy of Kim Peterson and Virginia Tech University Relations. Language A language of the resource eng memorial dedication ceremony bell crowd Drillfield memorial dedication https://www.april16.vtlibraries.net/files/original/618731_6eed50cd18.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-22 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2007-09-22 04:20:56 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Haeyong Chung Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kim Peterson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-22 Description An account of the resource View from inside a large tent, reserved for friends and family of the victims, at the memorial dedication ceremony on August 19, 2007. Photo courtesy of Kim Peterson and Virginia Tech University Relations Language A language of the resource eng family friends victims memorial dedication memorial dedication ceremony tent https://www.april16.vtlibraries.net/files/original/618730_04b7a9dbf6.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-22 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2007-09-22 04:14:13 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Haeyong Chung Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kim Peterson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-22 Description An account of the resource Virginia Tech President Charles Steger speaks at the memorial dedication ceremony on August 19, 2007. Photo courtesy of Kim Peterson and Virginia Tech University Relations. Language A language of the resource eng burruss hall charles steger Drillfield memorial dedication memorial dedication ceremony president steger https://www.april16.vtlibraries.net/files/original/618729_a10d644422.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-22 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2007-09-22 04:06:55 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Haeyong Chung Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kim Peterson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-22 Description An account of the resource Student Government Association President Adeel Khan speaks at the August 19, 2007 memorial dedication ceremony. Two unidentified men hold up a Comfort Quilt that was delivered to Virginia Tech students the previous day by members of the Nickel Mine Amish community. The quilt was originally made by students from St.Hilary Catholic School, in Fairlawn, Va., after the tragedy in New York City on September 11, 2001. It was then sent to New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina and to the Nickel Mines Amish School in Pennsylvania. It was accompanied by an engraved oak chest and a note that read, "The tragedy at Virginia Tech has touched the Nickel Mine community deeply and we all have prayed for each and everyone involved. Please accept the Comfort Quilt knowing that we share our love, thoughts and prayers with you." Photo courtesy of Kim Peterson and Virginia Tech University Relations. Language A language of the resource eng drillfield memorial dedication ceremony quilt students burruss hall memorial dedication nickel mine community st.hilary high school https://www.april16.vtlibraries.net/files/original/618728_a82a2a0616.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-22 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2007-09-22 03:58:43 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Haeyong Chung Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kim Peterson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-22 Description An account of the resource A large bell sits in front of Burruss Hall, ready to be used for the memorial dedication ceremony on August 19, 2007. Photo courtesy of Kim Peterson and Virginia Tech University Relations. Language A language of the resource eng burruss hall flag memorial dedication ceremony the stars and stripes bell memorial dedication Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Adriana Seagle Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Adriana Seagle Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-08-09 Description An account of the resource <b>Data:</b> Wednesday, April 18 @ 05:39:57 EDT <b>Topic:</b> sa pastram ce avem mai bun Despre profesorul Liviu Librescu s-a spus ca a fost un adevarat erou. Profesor de aeronautica la Universitatea Tehnica din statul american Virginia, dascalul a murit dupa ce l-a infruntat pe atacatorul care a produs cel mai mare masacru din istoria scolilor americane. Chiar daca regimul Antonescu i-a trimis tatal in lagarul de exterminare din Transnistria, profesorul Liviu Librescu iubea Romania si vorbea cu placere despre Focsani <b>Profesorul erou din America a plecat din Focsani</b> De Silvia Vrinceanu, 18.04.2007 <b>Profesorul Liviu Librescu, impuscat mortal intr-un amfiteatru al Universitatii Virginia Tech din SUA, este originar din Focsani, unde a trait pina la 14 ani u de asemenea, sotia regretatului profesor este fiica unui stomatolog evreu din Focsani u ambii au supravietuit Holocaustului si au emigrat cu greu in Israel in timpul regimului comunist u in masacrul de luni, de la universitatea americana, au fost omorite 32 de persoane si alte 29 au fost ranite u Ziarul de Vrancea se afla in corespondenta cu renumitul profesor in vederea publicarii unui articol despre opresiunile antisemite din copilaria sa</b> Putini stiu ca masacrul care a ingrozit planeta in cursul zilei de ieri are legatura cu Focsaniul si cu prigoana evreilor care s-a produs in aceasta zona a tarii in timpul Holocaustului. Liviu Librescu, în virsta de 76 de ani, profesor de aeronautica la Universitatea Virginia Tech din Statele Unite ale Americii, care a fost ucis in atacul de luni, alaturi de 31 studenti, a copilarit mai multi ani la Focsani, unde tatal sau, un avocat evreu repudiat, a avut domiciliul fortat, in timpul prigoanei antiseminte. La Focsani, unde a urmat cursurile Colegiului Unirea, profesorul Liviu Librescu a cunoscut-o si pe cea care i-a fost alaturi toata viata, sotia sa Marilena. Ambii au fost supravietuitori ai Holocaustului din Romania. Chiar in aceste zile, cind comunitatea evreiasca din toata lumea se pregateste sa comemoreze revolta evreilor din ghetoul de la Varsovia, unul dintre simbolurile de rezistenta si eroism in timpul Holocaustului, reporterii nostri se aflau in corespondenta cu apreciatul profesor univesitar pe tema ororilor din timpul celui de-al doilea razboi mondial. Potrivit studentilor sai, citati de presa internationala, profesorul Liviu Librescu a cazut la datorie, împuscat de un bursier sud- coreean, în momentul în care se pregatea sa înceapa cursul în amfiteatrul universitatii. Stirea despre carnagiu a facut inconjurul planetei si a facut sa curga lacrimi in America, unde profesorul preda si locuia cu sotia, in Israel, unde are doi fii si multi prieteni, dar si in Romania. Despre profesorul Liviu Librescu s-a spus ca a fost un adevarat erou. Profesor de aeronautica la Universitatea Tehnica din statul american Virginia, dascalul a murit dupa ce l-a infruntat pe atacatorul care a produs cel mai mare masacru din istoria scolilor americane. Chiar daca regimul Antonescu i-a trimis tatal in lagarul de exterminare din Transnistria, profesorul Liviu Librescu iubea Romania si vorbea cu placere despre Focsani, orasul in care a trait mai multi ani si unde venea adesea inainte de razboi pentru a-si vizita bunicii din partea mamei. "Imi face placere intotdeauna sa primesc stiri care imi amintesc de orasul in care am petrecut multi ani, desi au fost ani de suferinta, cind tatii nostri, al meu si al sotiei mele, au avut domiciliul fortat in Focsani. Au fost vremuri foartegrele pentru noi! Tatal meu a fost deportat de aici in Transnistria dupa ce a lucrat o vreme la Soveja, intr-un batalion de munca", ne-a povestit profesorul Liviu Librescu cu putin inainte de tragedia in care avea sa sfirseasca. La Focsani, Liviu Librescu si-a cunoscut si sotia, pe Marilena Semian, fiica unui stomatolog cunoscut in orasul acelor vremi, cu care s-a casatorit in anul 1968. Sotia sa, medic de profesie, a urmat liceul de fete din Focsani, dupa care a absolvit facultatea de medicina. Ulterior si-a urmat sotul in Israel si mai apoi in Blackburg - SUA, unde a primit o bursa. Cei doi au avut impreuna doi fii, Arie si Iosef, de profesie ingineri, care traiesc in Israel. "Munca obligatorie la Focsani" "In anii copilariei, scrie profesorul Liviu Librescu intr-unul din e- mailurile sale, inaintea inceperii razboiului, Focsaniul a constituit pentru mine orasul in care veneam cu parintii sa-mi vizitez bunica, Paulina Finkelstein, mama mamei mele, si de asemeni, familiilesurorilor mamei mele, Ianconescu si Filderman. Impreuna cu parintii mei, Izidor si Mina Librescu, locuiam atunci la Ploiesti. Tatal meu era avocat, dar din motive rasiale, in tot timpul razboiului, a fost radiat din baroul de avocati. Tatal meu a fost dus la lagarul de la Teis. Dupa desfiintarea lagarului, a fost trimis cu domiciliul fortat la Focsani. In 1942, ne-am mutat la Focsani pentru a ne reuni cu tata, dar vremurile potrivnice au facut ca el sa fie trimis la munca obligatorie la Focsani, apoi la Soveja. Dupa Soveja, a fost deportat in Transnistria. Dupa razboi s-a intors cu sanatatea mult subrezita si cu moralul foarte scazut. Tata a reintrat in barou, dar in anul 1948, cind regimul comunist s-a instaurat la putere, a fost din nou radiat pentru motivul ca s-a opus "democratizarii baroului". Au fost ani foarte grei pentru noi", scria profesorul Liviu Librescu. Fortat de comunisti sa demisioneze In ciuda nenumaratelor probleme pe care le-a intimpinat in copilarie, profesorul Liviu Librescu a urmat politehnica la Bucuresti, sectia de aviatie, pe care, dupa cum ne-a spus, a absovit-o in anul 1953. Dupa o cariera prodigioasa, a ajuns un nume in domeniul sau, obtinind zeci de premii si titluri onorifice internationale. Pentru a ajunge in Israel, pe vremea comunismului, a trebuit sa renunte la tot in Romania. "Pentru a putea depune actele de emigrare in Israel a trebuit in anul 1975 sa-mi dau demisia si am fost fortat sa stau trei ani fara lucru", a tinut sa mai spuna profesorul. "In Israel am fost atestat profesor la Tel-Aviv University. In anul 1985 am plecat in «sabatical», la Virginia Polytechnic Institute in U.S.A. De atunci, lucrez aici ca profesor la Engineering Sciens and Mecanics Department. Am desfasurat activitate stiintifica materializata prin trei carti si peste 300 articole aparute in reviste internationale de specialitate", a continuat cel care avea sa fie ucis in timp ce incerca sa tina piept atacatorului care a omorit 32 de persoane si a ranit alte 29 in campusul universitar. Aproape deloc cunoscut in Focsani, profesorulLibrescu este recunoscut in SUA ca fondatorul teoriei si aplicatiilor in domeniul structurilor de tip sandwich. Munca sa de cercetare, dupa cum se arata si in impresionantul sau CV, publicat pe site-ul universitatii, a inclus domeniul aerospatial cu aplicatii NASA. Facea parte din consiliile editoriale ale mai multor publicatii de specialitate si a prezidat numeroase congrese internationale in inginerie mecanica. Invitat la Focsani luna viitoare Apreciatul profesor a fost coleg de scoala la Focsani cu alti evrei cunoscuti, printre care si cu Zvi Ben Dov, fost director al aeroportului din Tel Aviv, actualmente director general al organizatiei A.M.I.R., care are ca scop infiintarea unui muzeu al evreimii romane. Fosti colegi la Colegiul Unirea, cei doi tineau in ultimul timp legatura prin Internet, dat fiind ca Zvi Ben Dov a scris in Israel, in limba ebraica, doua carti despre comunitatea in care s- a nascut si i-a reunit aici pe toti focsanenii israelieni. Liviu Librescu ne-a spus ca de oameni ca Zvi Ben Dov sau Matei Grisaru il leaga amintiri de neuitat din anii de scoala primara. Pentru ca a reintrat in legatura cu prietenii din copilarie, astazi cetateni ai statului Israel, profesorul Liviu Librescu a fost invitat in luna mai sa viziteze Focsaniul, alaturi de cei dornici sa revada locurile copilariei. "Inainte de Paste i-am trimis lui Liviu felicitari si mi-a rapuns cu multa amabilitate. I-am scis ca plecam la Focsani sa ne vizitam orasul copilariei noastre si l-am invitat sa vina cu noi, intr-o excursie de suflet. Liviu mi-a raspuns ca din pacate nu poate sa fie cu noi, pentru ca era implicat in unele proiecte la universitate, desi i-ar fi placut sa revada locurile copilariei. Am vorbit cu prietenii nostri si saptamina viitoare o sa fie adus aici, in Israel, unde va fi inmormintat. Eu am sa fiu acolo", ne-a spus Zvi Ben Dov, "motorul" comunitatii de vrinceni din Israel si cel mai focsanean dintre israelieni, cum a fost numit de cei peste 300 de membri ai comunitatii evreilor plecati din orasul de pe Milcov. Ura violenta, ucis de violenta Profesorul Liviu Librescu ura violenta si dorea sa arate tuturor ororile Holocaustului, in special cele din Romania, unde au fost exterminati peste 500.000 de evrei. Ca o ironie a sortii a cazut prada furiei violentei chiar in timp ce dorea sa ne faca tututor cunoscuta tragedia care a cuprins si meleagurile noastre acum 60 de ani. Fara indoiala, acest carnagiu ne arata ca intelegerea Holocaustului este mai necesara ca oricind, pentru ca astfel de evenimente sa nu se mai repete. In acest context, trebuie spus ca profesorul Liviu Librescu se numara printre cei care au cerut insistent Institutului Yad Vashem din Israel, memorialul dedicat celor sase milioane de evrei omoriti in timpul Holocaustului, decorarea reginei mama Elena cu titlul de "Dreapta intre popoare". Titlul se acorda de catre statul Israel celor care si-au riscat viata pentru salvarea de vieti evreiesti in perioada Holocaustului. Iata ca dupa mai mult de 60 de ani, profesorul Liviu Librescu avea sa-si sacrifice propria viata pentru a-i salva pe studentii sai de la Universitatea Tehnica din Virginia. (Silvia VRINCEANU) Acest articol este trimis de Romania-Israel <a href="http://www.romania-israel.com/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=1034">http://www.romania-israel.com</a> URLul pentru acest articol este: <a href="http://www.romania-israel.com/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=1034">http://www.romania-israel.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1034</a> -- Sursa Originala: <a href="http://www.romania-israel.com/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=1034">http://www.romania-israel.com/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=1034</a> Language A language of the resource ron Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Silvia Vrinceanu;silvia@ziaruldevrancea.ro Title A name given to the resource Profesorul erou din America a plecat din Focsani amintire focsani pastram https://www.april16.vtlibraries.net/files/original/im_070421c_april16_81_87198ed94f.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-17 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2007-09-17 01:23:43 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Haeyong Chung Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ivan V. Morozov Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-17 Description An account of the resource Men in prayer at the April 21 community vigil/picnic on the drillfield. Photo Courtesy of Ivan V. Morozov Language A language of the resource eng Drillfield men picnic prayer vigil https://www.april16.vtlibraries.net/files/original/1341278001_43f27b81d3_b_4a26023026.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-17 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2007-09-17 22:30:33 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Brent Jesiek Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kevin Cupp Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-17 Description An account of the resource Dave Matthews Band performing at A Concert for Virginia Tech, September 6, 2007. Photo courtesy of Kevin Cupp. -- Original Source: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/kevincupp/1341278001/">http://www.flickr.com/photos/kevincupp/1341278001/</a> Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kevin Cupp (k@vt.edu) Title A name given to the resource Dave Matthews Band concert concert for virginia tech dave matthews band dmb https://www.april16.vtlibraries.net/files/original/1342165394_c2975d95c4_b_a302df28df.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-17 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2007-09-17 22:27:29 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Brent Jesiek Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kevin Cupp Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-17 Description An account of the resource Nas and DJ Scratch performing at A Concert for Virginia Tech, September 6, 2007. Photo courtesy of Kevin Cupp. -- Original Source: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/kevincupp/1342165394/">http://www.flickr.com/photos/kevincupp/1342165394/</a> Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kevin Cupp (k@vt.edu) Title A name given to the resource Nas concert concert for virginia tech nas https://www.april16.vtlibraries.net/files/original/1341277147_d2776b24a9_b_b37b076080.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-17 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2007-09-17 22:17:58 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Brent Jesiek Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kevin Cupp Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-17 Description An account of the resource John Mayer performing at A Concert for Virginia Tech, September 6, 2007. Photo courtesy of Kevin Cupp. -- Original Source: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/kevincupp/1341277147/">http://www.flickr.com/photos/kevincupp/1341277147/</a> Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kevin Cupp (k@vt.edu) Title A name given to the resource John Mayer concert concert for virginia tech john mayer mayer https://www.april16.vtlibraries.net/files/original/1341276417_baa065ca8c_b_6bc21ac876.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-17 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2007-09-17 22:15:56 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Brent Jesiek Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kevin Cupp Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-17 Description An account of the resource Phil Vasser performing at A Concert for Virginia Tech, September 6, 2007. Photo courtesy of Kevin Cupp. -- Original Source: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/kevincupp/1341276417/">http://www.flickr.com/photos/kevincupp/1341276417/</a> Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Kevin Cupp (k@vt.edu) Title A name given to the resource Phil Vasser concert concert for virginia tech phil vasser vasser https://www.april16.vtlibraries.net/files/original/im_070422_april16_02_c154473782.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-17 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2007-09-17 01:36:21 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Haeyong Chung Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ivan V. Morozov Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-17 Description An account of the resource Flowers and mementos at West Ambler Johnston Hall. Photo taken April 22. Photo Courtesy of Ivan V. Morozov Language A language of the resource eng flowers mementos west ambler johnston hall https://www.april16.vtlibraries.net/files/original/im_070421c_april16_98_b2fdbf88b9.jpg null Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-17 Omeka Legacy File The metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `files` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka files. This set may be deprecated in future versions. Capture Date 2007-09-17 01:29:17 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Haeyong Chung Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ivan V. Morozov Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007-09-17 Description An account of the resource Visitors at the War Memorial on the evening of April 21. Photo Courtesy of Ivan V. Morozov Language A language of the resource eng mementos visitors war memorial