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                <text>Luis Guerrero Ortiz </text>
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                <text>Creado por Luis Guerrero Ortiz &#13;
Lima, 22 de Abril de 2007 3:00 PM&#13;
&#13;
Los hechos son por todos conocidos. Cho Seung-Hui, un estudiante sudcoreano de 23 aÃ±os, entrÃ³ el lunes 16 de abril en los dormitorios de la Universidad Virginia Tech, en Estados Unidos, y matÃ³ a 32 personas antes de suicidarse. En el PerÃº, los escolares y aÃºn los jÃ³venes que continÃºan estudios no tienen el fÃ¡cil acceso a armas de fuego que sÃ­ poseen sus pares en NorteamÃ©rica. Ese acceso libre y legalizado es considerado hoy como una de las causas principales de la masacre. Â¿Lo es en verdad?&#13;
&#13;
En una reciente encuesta, casi la mitad de los estadounidenses cree que las leyes sobre armas deberÃ­an ser mÃ¡s estrictas y el 87% afirma que la violencia asociada a su uso es un problema muy serio para su paÃ­s. Un tercio de ellos admite tener una en casa. TambiÃ©n se culpa a las autoridades por no haber hecho lo necesario para detectar y reprimir a tiempo a quien consideran un desquiciado, un anormal, un loco, mÃ¡s aÃºn cuando ha salido a luz su paso por un hospital psiquiÃ¡trico y su probable consumo de antidepresivos. Por eso las soluciones que hoy se promueven pasan por la restricciÃ³n legal a la venta de armas, el fortalecimiento de los servicios psicolÃ³gicos en los centros de estudios y, probablemente, por una mayor severidad en la selecciÃ³n de los postulantes, lo que podrÃ­a significar barreras especiales para el ingreso de inmigrantes, como Cho.&#13;
&#13;
Es posible que Cho Seung-Hui, en el extremo de sus perturbaciones, haya difuminado los lÃ­mites de la realidad, derribando las mÃ­nimas inhibiciones que suelen impedir a cualquier mortal pasar del odio o el rechazo -por muy justificado que fuese su origen- al acto criminal. Pero Cho era, ante todo, un inmigrante pobre. Se sabe que llegÃ³ con su familia de Corea del Sur en 1992, procedente de una zona muy pobre de SeÃºl, para habitar en los suburbios de Washington. Hasta entonces, no parece haber mostrado seÃ±ales de locura. Â«Nunca podrÃ­a haberme imaginado que Ã©l fuera capaz de tanta violencia -dijo uno de sus familiares. El fue alguien con quien crecÃ­ y a quien amÃ©. Ahora me siento como si no hubiera conocido a esta personaÂ». En otras palabras, si acaso habitaba un Mr. Hyde en el joven Cho, parece haberse despertado en NorteamÃ©rica. Cabe preguntarse entonces, de SeÃºl a Washington Â¿QuÃ© cambiÃ³ en la vida de este joven para haber oscurecido su mente de ese modo y haber llenado de tanto odio su corazÃ³n?&#13;
&#13;
Sus compaÃ±eros ponen el problema en Ã©l y lo definen como un sujeto extraÃ±o, callado, solitario y perturbado, que casi no hablaba con ellos ni los miraba a los ojos. Pero Cho, desde la otra orilla, ha dejado un testimonio distinto. Â«Me han acorralado en una esquina y me han dejado sÃ³lo una opciÃ³n, la decisiÃ³n fue de ustedesÂ» dijo en un video pÃ³stumo, para preguntarse despuÃ©s Â«Â¿Saben lo que se siente ser humillado y crucificado?Â». MÃ¡s allÃ¡ de cualquier hecho objetivo -la decisiÃ³n de apretar el gatillo fue solo suya en sentido estricto- este joven, que le gustaba firmar documentos e identificarse con un signo de interrogaciÃ³n, se percibÃ­a a sÃ­ mismo como un excluido.&#13;
&#13;
Â¿QuÃ© tiene que ocurrir para que un estudiante solitario, atrapado en su soledad, su angustia y su depresiÃ³n, pase a ser algo mÃ¡s que un alumno o, en el peor de los casos, un raro, en las impersonales rutinas acadÃ©micas de su centro de estudios? Si la pregunta fuese hecha en los Estados Unidos, la respuesta serÃ­a casi obvia: asesinar a sus profesores y a sus compaÃ±eros. Pero si nos lo preguntÃ¡ramos desde aquÃ­, donde el acceso a armas de fuego estÃ¡ mÃ¡s restringido y la banalizaciÃ³n de la muerte relativamente menos instalada en la cultura Â¿cuÃ¡les podrÃ­an ser sus opciones?&#13;
&#13;
Si Cho Seung-Hui hubiese sido alumno de una universidad peruana o de algÃºn Instituto Superior PedagÃ³gico o quizÃ¡s, con menor edad, de algÃºn colegio secundario, pudo haber abandonado los estudios a mitad de camino y perderse en la bruma de los desocupados sin instrucciÃ³n o a lo mejor terminarlos sin pena ni gloria. Pudiera ser que con calificaciones aceptables, pero con todo su dolor, su confusiÃ³n y su rabia a cuestas, para integrarse a la enorme masa de anÃ³nimos desempleados con certificaciÃ³n acadÃ©mica y dudosas cualidades para desempeÃ±arse con un mÃ­nimo de competencia y de salud mental en su vida de pareja, en la crianza de sus propios hijos o en su actividad laboral.&#13;
&#13;
Ocurre que los sistemas educativos estÃ¡n diseÃ±ados en principio para hacerse cargo del alumno, no de la persona. En el caso del nuestro y a juzgar por los resultados, lo primero lo hace muy mal, pero no lo puede eludir. Lo segundo, simplemente lo ignora o lo delega a algÃºn tutor, cuando Ã©ste existe. Hace siete aÃ±os, una joven y carismÃ¡tica maestra de primaria, en su primer aÃ±o de ejercicio profesional, abrumada por la confianza de sus pequeÃ±os alumnos, que no dejaban de buscarla en el recreo para compartir con ella un sinnÃºmero de problemas de orden familiar, decidiÃ³ prohibirles que le hablen de temas ajenos a la clase. Â«Yo me preparÃ© para ser maestra, no psicÃ³loga, no tengo por quÃ© hacerme cargo de sus asuntos personalesÂ», admitiÃ³ con escalofriante honestidad.&#13;
&#13;
Como ella, mÃ¡s allÃ¡ de las cualidades que exhiban en la enseÃ±anza, son muchos los docentes que no se sienten en condiciones de atender ni de entender la subjetividad de sus estudiantes ni, finalmente, en la obligaciÃ³n de hacerlo. De este modo, la idea de que educar es mÃ¡s que instruir y que supone principalmente la formaciÃ³n humana, como consta en el cÃ©lebre Informe de Jacques Delors, en los acuerdos internacionales sobre educaciÃ³n, en el currÃ­culo oficial y hasta en las propias leyes nacionales, termina siendo en los hechos una extravagancia, una penosa humorada.&#13;
&#13;
Pero hay algo mÃ¡s. El sistema tambiÃ©n estÃ¡ diseÃ±ado para que los aprendizajes constituyan un asunto estrictamente individual, basado en un contrato personal de la familia o del alumno con la instituciÃ³n educativa. Lo que significa, en la mejor tradiciÃ³n liberal, que el Ã©xito o el fracaso de cada estudiante son el problema o el mÃ©rito de cada uno, donde los demÃ¡s no tienen absolutamente nada que ver. De este modo y con mayor razÃ³n, los sÃ­ntomas del sufrimiento de un joven como Cho Seung-Hui, evidentes antes que se produjeran los hechos, eran estrictamente un asunto suyo, a lo mÃ¡s de su familia, pero no una convocaciÃ³n a la solidaridad de sus profesores ni de sus propios compaÃ±eros de clase. Todo indica que tales seÃ±ales no pasaron desapercibidas, pero todos eligieron continuar con sus vidas. Hasta que Ã©l, decidiÃ³ terminar con ellas.&#13;
&#13;
En nuestro medio, la exclusiÃ³n no tiene que ver sÃ³lo con el no acceso a un centro de estudios, sino con el prejuicio y la discriminaciÃ³n que se vive a su interior con insÃ³lita naturalidad. Excluidos son los estudiantes censurados y estigmatizados a diario, abierta o solapadamente, por ser pobres, por tener padres que no fueron al colegio, por pertenecer a una familia campesina, por ser los Ãºltimos de varios hermanos o hijos Ãºnicos de madres sin cÃ³nyuge, por ser ademÃ¡s tÃ­midos y callados o susceptibles y asertivos, por tomarse su tiempo para entender y para terminar la tarea, por haber repetido de grado, por tener su propio criterio de orden, por hablar de un modo distinto o en un idioma diferente, por haber nacido en una provincia alejada y Â«extraÃ±aÂ», por expresar su desagrado cada vez que se sienten agredidos por un adulto o, simplemente, por razonar con una lÃ³gica a veces opuesta a la de sus mayores y llegar a conclusiones distintas.&#13;
&#13;
La experiencia de la discriminaciÃ³n los convierte en objeto de sospechas, rechazos y atribuciones antojadizas, de vacÃ­os y murmuraciones, de aislamientos y desaires, de indiferencia y segregaciÃ³n, sea por sus compaÃ±eros o por sus propios maestros. Â¿QuÃ© hacen todos ellos con el dolor, la ira, la tristeza, el desconcierto o la impotencia que esta situaciÃ³n les provoca? Algunos constituyen pandillas y reaccionan con violencia, pero muchos se limitan a callarse y a expresar la frustraciÃ³n de otra manera, convirtiÃ©ndose en saboteadores crÃ³nicos, en nihilistas irreductibles o en durÃ­simos jueces de sÃ­ mismos. No compran armas ni disparan contra nadie, pero sÃ­ les retiran la fe, a la gente, al sistema y hasta a la imagen que les devuelve el espejo. Como Cho, sin embargo, son vistos como anormales y tratados, por lo general, como amenazas.&#13;
&#13;
Los malos aprendizajes que exhiben nuestras escuelas nos han llevado a la necesidad de exigir mayor efectividad en la enseÃ±anza, mejor calidad en la docencia, controles mÃ¡s sistemÃ¡ticos de los resultados del servicio educativo y de las polÃ­ticas diseÃ±adas para mejorarlo. La pobreza de nuestras escuelas nos han llevado a exigir, ademÃ¡s, mayor inversiÃ³n educativa, una distribuciÃ³n mas justa del gasto y una compensaciÃ³n mÃ¡s efectiva y sostenida de las evidentes desigualdades.&#13;
&#13;
Todo eso estÃ¡ bien, pero... Â¿CuÃ¡nto pesa en los bajos rendimientos que exhibe nuestro sistema la escasÃ­sima confianza que deposita en las posibilidades de Ã©xito de sus estudiantes? Â¿CuÃ¡nto pesa el prejuicio, la subestimaciÃ³n, el menosprecio? Â¿CuÃ¡nto pesa la incapacidad de las instituciones educativas para hacer sentir incluidos a los que se van quedando atrÃ¡s y para comprometerse con seriedad a no dejar fracasar a ninguno? Â¿CuÃ¡nto pesa en la desmoralizaciÃ³n de muchos la impersonalidad del ambiente en que se estudia a diario, el anonimato implacable, la rigidez de las normas o la desvergonzada ley del embudo aplicada con impunidad cada vez que conviene?&#13;
&#13;
La tragedia de Virginia Tech nos recuerda que los usuarios de los sistemas educativos son seres humanos, susceptibles de hacer Â«corto circuitoÂ» cuando las condiciones en que estudian los colocan en situaciones lÃ­mite. Si las polÃ­ticas dirigidas a mejorar la educaciÃ³n no son pensadas como una oportunidad para humanizar la enseÃ±anza y no sÃ³lo para elevar los rendimientos, las sensibilidades se van a seguir desbordando y erosionÃ¡ndose la confianza en sÃ­ mismos de toda una generaciÃ³n.&#13;
&#13;
--&#13;
Fuente Original: El rÃ­o de ParmÃ©nides -Sitio en linea&#13;
&lt;a href="http://educhevere.blogspot.com/2007/04/cho-seung-hui-lecciones-para-la.html"&gt;http://educhevere.blogspot.com/2007/04/cho-seung-hui-lecciones-para-la.html&lt;/a&gt;&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Derechos Reservados:&#13;
&lt;a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/pe/"&gt;Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 2.5 PerÃº&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>Text of Note #1:&#13;
&#13;
Seung-Hui&#13;
&#13;
I hope that if I ever meet anyone like you I will have the courage and strength to reach out and change his or her life for the better.&#13;
&#13;
I hope your family is able to get through the misery they are in because of you.&#13;
&#13;
I hope the damage you inflicted on so many lives is healed soon and never repeated.&#13;
&#13;
I hope the anger towards you that resides in so many hearts turns to forgiveness.&#13;
&#13;
I hope the earthly troubles of all 33 of you are a fleeting distant memory.&#13;
&#13;
Pax,&#13;
David&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>As a medieval historian, one rarely feels that his expertise can shed some light on a current debate. But I teach at Virginia Tech.&#13;
&#13;
Now that the semester is over and there is time to reflect, I have been struck by how "medieval" the events of this past April seem -- both Seung-Hui Cho&amp;#39;s violence and our collective revulsion to it.&#13;
&#13;
In the snippets of Cho&amp;#39;s "manifesto" that have been released to the public, there is rhetoric of (likely imagined) persecution of the innocent, violent defense of the helpless, and Cho&amp;#39;s perception of himself as a martyr by appropriating explicitly Christian imagery -- Jesus himself, the cross, and even the torments the saints endured for their faith (burning like St. Polycarp, suffocating like St. Cecilia and beheading like St. Denis, etc.).&#13;
&#13;
Even Cho&amp;#39;s oft-repeated statement that "Jesus loves crucifying me" reinforces the idea of martyrdom, suggesting, as countless biographies of the saints have, that God triumphs through the martyr&amp;#39;s sacrifice.&#13;
&#13;
Taken alone, these statements might be interesting from a purely academic standpoint. Unfortunately, we all know what followed Cho&amp;#39;s statements.&#13;
&#13;
So, it&amp;#39;s this combination of language and action that&amp;#39;s most "medieval," since the essential elements of Cho&amp;#39;s manifesto mirror Pope Urban II&amp;#39;s speech at Clermont (in modern France) in 1095 that launched the First Crusade.&#13;
&#13;
From what we can reconstruct of that speech, Urban first railed against the sins of his listeners. But then, when the hellfires beckoned, Urban offered them a way out -- a path to heaven.&#13;
&#13;
Go to Jerusalem. Reclaim the land where Jesus was crucified and where he would return in triumph. This land rightfully belongs to us, Urban continued, so emulate the suffering of Christ and "take up [your] cross daily and follow me" (Luke 9:23).&#13;
&#13;
Defend your fellow Christians who suffer under (an imagined) oppression by God&amp;#39;s enemies. Become a "soldier of Christ" and destroy "the enemy." God would reward you with martyrdom if you died. Jesus. The cross. Suffering. Martyrdom. Defense of the innocent. Violence.&#13;
&#13;
Cries of "God wills it!" rang through the crowd. More than 100,000 people, many of whom had never left their village, decided to walk the 4,000 miles to Jerusalem. Again, we all know what came next.&#13;
&#13;
It&amp;#39;s important to note that neither of the events of 1095 or 2007 "just happened." There are explanations, even if they&amp;#39;re not comfortable ones.&#13;
&#13;
Urban&amp;#39;s message met a receptive audience because long-held ideas and traditions in the West came together just so. So too with Cho.&#13;
&#13;
He created a mental world, which only rarely touched reality, drawn from our culture&amp;#39;s obsession with violence and guns as well as a radical Christianity, likely generated by his upbringing and continued interest in the religion, witnessed by the number of courses on religious topics that he took here at Tech.&#13;
&#13;
This particular Christianity isn&amp;#39;t unlike that unleashed during the First Crusade, even if such language of violence can still be found at places in our own, modern society.&#13;
&#13;
Cho&amp;#39;s mental world divided everything between good and evil and called for the oppressed to rise and take vengeance. Cho&amp;#39;s mental illness made him cross a line and act upon these ideas. Unfortunately, it did not generate the ideas themselves, though.&#13;
&#13;
But just as Cho was, in a way, an heir to the ideas of the First Crusade, so too are the rest of us for, in addition to violence and intolerance, the First Crusade was also about peace -- true, lasting peace.&#13;
&#13;
As conceived in 1095, the violent reconquest of Jerusalem would hasten the arrival of God&amp;#39;s kingdom on Earth, an earthly paradise in which all would share.&#13;
&#13;
Later in the Middle Ages, the influential thought of Joachim of Fiore changed this tradition, stripping away the violence that preceded this kingdom, saying that all would peacefully -- peacefully -- come together.&#13;
&#13;
And just as Urban&amp;#39;s vision has endured, so too has Joachim&amp;#39;s. The world, without hesitation, now condemns actions like Cho&amp;#39;s. Violence is not normative anymore.&#13;
&#13;
If nothing else, the Middle Ages show us how the intellectual path we&amp;#39;re on isn&amp;#39;t the only one available. In 1095, 100,000 people thought that violence could bring peace. In 2007, Cho believed the same and the world cried out in horror.&#13;
&#13;
Cho took one path from 1095 and the vast majority took the other. In and of itself, and in the middle of all this sadness, this is a reason to look forward with hope.&#13;
&#13;
--&#13;
&#13;
Originally published in _The Roanoke Times_, 6/2/07&#13;
&#13;
Source: &lt;a href="http://www.roanoke.com/editorials/commentary/wb/wb/xp-119117"&gt;http://www.roanoke.com/editorials/commentary/wb/wb/xp-119117&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>In the Aug. 26 Roanoke Times, reporter Duncan Adams had a news story that succinctly wrapped up what we knew about Seung-Hui Cho at that point, before the Virginia Tech Independent Review Panel released its final report. The article, "There was something evil aiding him," answered some old questions and highlighted some that have yet to be answered.&#13;
&#13;
What really struck me, as a medievalist and researcher in the history of religion, was the section titled "Demon spirits" and specifically the comments of Pastor Dong Cheol Lee from One Mind Church in Cho&amp;#39;s hometown of Woodbridge. Cho and his family didn&amp;#39;t attend that church, but the pastor felt compelled to reach out to Cho on the recommendation of a neighbor.&#13;
&#13;
Lee believes Cho was basically a good person but that he was possessed by the devil or some sort of "demonic spirit" when he murdered all those people. This raises a significant point, one thus far generally overlooked in the reporting about the events of April 16 -- the role of religion in motivating Cho to do what he did.&#13;
&#13;
I suggested this in a June 6 commentary, "Cho&amp;#39;s violent crusade ripped from the Middle Ages." Look again through this and the rest of the coverage of Cho&amp;#39;s manifesto. Look how often he evoked God/Jesus. And look again at these new snippets: the Bible as Literature class that he felt so "content" in, his contact with a particular type of Christianity during his upbringing, how he told the literature professor, Nikki Giovanni, she was going to hell.&#13;
&#13;
Reporter Adams may have been more right than he knew when he ended his story with: "During one session, Giovanni described having once eaten turtle soup. Students shared experiences of consuming other unusual animal fare. Cho&amp;#39;s poem the next week lashed Giovanni and the class. &amp;#39;He told us we were going to hell,&amp;#39; said [fellow student Tara] Marciniak-McGuire. During Cho&amp;#39;s short, tortured life, he knew that territory well."&#13;
&#13;
Cho&amp;#39;s mental illness made him live in a world of his own creation, but that world was one with recognizable roots in the Christian tradition -- a world populated by God and the devil, in which they are both still active forces in the world; a world where Cho could choose sides in this struggle and think that he was doing God&amp;#39;s work; a world where violence in the name of religion is justified because the stakes, one&amp;#39;s immortal soul, are so high.&#13;
&#13;
Cho likely thought himself to be a "soldier of Christ," like the crusaders; like the Lord&amp;#39;s Resistance Army in Uganda; like Eric Rudolph and Paul Jennings Hill, who killed to stop abortion. Mainstream Christianity does not -- and the vast majority of Christians may not -- condone such actions, but perhaps it&amp;#39;s time to stop burying our head in the sand, pretending that such ideas aren&amp;#39;t ultimately understandable, if still unfortunately familiar.&#13;
&#13;
--&#13;
&#13;
Originally published in &lt;em&gt;The Roanoke Times&lt;/em&gt;, 9/11/07&#13;
&#13;
Source: &lt;a href="http://www.roanoke.com/editorials/commentary/wb/wb/xp-131592"&gt;http://www.roanoke.com/editorials/commentary/wb/wb/xp-131592&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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&#13;
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                <text>Words do not come easily at a time like this, but for a tragedy of this magnitude, it is important to take a step back and observe the world we live in.&#13;
&#13;
On Monday, Apr. 16, 2007, 33 people lost their lives on a campus a lot like this one, 2,700 miles away at Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Their loss is a tragic one, and we at City on a Hill Press put our support, our condolences, and our deepest sympathy out for our brothers and sisters in education, their families, and the community that will never be the same.&#13;
&#13;
Apr. 16, 2007, a day that now marks what has been called the deadliest shooting in American history, is a day of suffering and sorrow. It is also Holocaust Remembrance Day, and just four days before the eighth anniversary of the Columbine massacre on April 20.&#13;
&#13;
This is a time for all to reflect upon our own lives, to tell our friends we love them, to honor our parents and family, and to be grateful for those things in life that it takes a tragedy for us to appreciate.&#13;
&#13;
This is not a time for politicking. The vultures that are circling, waiting to take their turn at spin, would do well to wait. Already we hear the rising crescendos of the pundits, each with a story to tell and an axe to grind, ready to milk this tragedy for every salty tear and heart wrench they can dig up.&#13;
&#13;
We at City on a Hill Press have chosen not to follow suit. We have chosen not to sensationalize the stories of these students, invade their privacy and harass a quote from them, simply to hype a point or sell ads. We feel that it is the people&amp;#39;s right to know what happened, and it is our responsibility to tell. We will perform these tasks with the proper respect for this tragedy, providing an informed description based on police reports and research. We will afford the Virginia Tech community every shred of dignity entitled to them, by giving them the only thing we can at this point: time.&#13;
&#13;
Over the following days, weeks, months and years, there will be more than enough time to look at the issue, and seek some insight into the minds and the hearts of the people involved.&#13;
&#13;
For now, this is a time to grieve, and the people of the Virginia Tech community should be given the space, the respect, and the freedom to spend these next solemn days in peace, with our support.&#13;
&#13;
--&#13;
&#13;
Original Source:&lt;a href=http://www.cityonahillpress.com/article.php?id=553&gt;City On A Hill Press - April 19, 2007&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>By: Ryan Norman&#13;
Posted: 4/25/07&#13;
Events such as the Virginia Tech shooting can be hard on some students. Besides psychological services, students seeking counseling can also find help at campus ministries.&#13;
&#13;
Cornerstone Church at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, however, is having more trouble providing this service.&#13;
&#13;
The former campus pastor of the church, Melissa Finlaw Draper, became the pastor at Northeast United Church of Christ earlier this semester. This left Cornerstone without an on-site pastor, said Lew Kaye-Skinner, an English lecturer as well as faculty adviser and chair of the ministry board for Cornerstone-United Ministries in Higher Education.&#13;
&#13;
"The current absence of a pastor on staff has meant that we have not been able to respond as quickly as might otherwise happen to issues such as the Virginia Tech massacre," Kaye-Skinner wrote in an e-mail interview.&#13;
&#13;
Kaye-Skinner said the mission of Cornerstone is to bring the message of God to campus and respond to the needs of students. Because Cornerstone currently doesn&amp;#39;t have a pastor, volunteers have been providing these services.&#13;
&#13;
"Volunteers have had to fill in," Kaye-Skinner wrote. "For instance, we have had to supply pastors for the Sunday evening worship services at Cornerstone since the first of February."&#13;
&#13;
Worship services haven&amp;#39;t been the problem, said Jessica Lauer, a senior philosophy and religious studies major and intern at Cornerstone Church. It&amp;#39;s the services not on Sundays, such as prayer groups and bible studies, that have suffered.&#13;
&#13;
"These events are always a time of great fellowship and fun for students, and we haven&amp;#39;t been able to do much of that," Lauer said.&#13;
&#13;
Kaye-Skinner said the search for a pastor is progressing but isn&amp;#39;t moving quite as quickly as he would like.&#13;
&#13;
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&#13;
Cornerstone has been struggling with low attendance this year, and it hasn&amp;#39;t been easy to improve campus involvement without a pastor, Lauer said.&#13;
&#13;
Despite the setbacks, Lauer said she is confident the church will rebound in the upcoming years.&#13;
&#13;
"I am sad that I am graduating and will miss the opportunity to meet the new chaplain and see the wonderful things that are in store for Cornerstone," Lauer said.&#13;
&#13;
--&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>By: Jennie Tal&#13;
&#13;
(May 2) Amanda Blevins is just like any other high school senior. She&amp;#39;s excited about getting away from home, meeting new people and just enjoying her college experience.&#13;
&#13;
But Blevins won&amp;#39;t be just any other college freshman. This fall, the Nelson County native will proudly enroll at Virginia Tech, a university that is still recovering from the most devastating school shooting in modern U.S. history.&#13;
&#13;
"I&amp;#39;m not going to give up just because something bad happened," Blevins said. "I figure that if it happened there once, it&amp;#39;s not really likely to happen again."&#13;
&#13;
Only five students have declined Tech&amp;#39;s offer of admissions as a direct result of the shootings that happened on Tech&amp;#39;s campus on April 16, said Mark Owczarski, director of news and information for the university. Yesterday was the deadline for students to make their admissions decisions.&#13;
&#13;
Even though so few students have openly declined admission because of the shootings, it will be difficult to know exactly how the events of April 16 affected prospective students, said Amy Widner, the public relations coordinator for undergraduate admissions.&#13;
&#13;
Usually, students who decline an offer of admission do not provide an explanation, Owczarski said. But this year, hundreds of students declining Tech&amp;#39;s offer have telephoned to explain that they did not make their decision based on the shootings.&#13;
&#13;
Harrison Mohn, a senior at Fort Defiance High School in Augusta County still plans to come to Tech and major in biology. He hopes to study medicine one day.&#13;
&#13;
Mohn chose to apply early decision to Tech and said he didn&amp;#39;t think about going anywhere else. He liked the school because it is big, has a pretty campus and is in state. He said he&amp;#39;s always wanted to attend Tech and that recent events could not have changed his feelings about the school.&#13;
&#13;
"I&amp;#39;m not really worried about it at all," Mohn said. "I think it could have happened anywhere. It&amp;#39;s not something that Tech did wrong."&#13;
&#13;
Since the shootings, the admissions office has tried to stay in touch with prospective students. Mohn said he received an email from the university explaining that everyone there is doing the best they can to make Tech a safe place.&#13;
&#13;
"Basically, it said they were hoping I was still considering going [to Tech] and that I haven&amp;#39;t changed my decision," Mohn said.&#13;
&#13;
Blevins received two such messages.&#13;
&#13;
Neither changed their minds.&#13;
&#13;
Widner explained that every year admissions sends emails to students a few weeks before the deadline, reminding students that they need to contact the university by May 1. This year, the email included an acknowledgement of the shootings on campus.&#13;
&#13;
"It was something to acknowledge the fact that we knew that the whole world was talking about what happened," Widner said. "We wanted to communicate with them specifically and let them know that we were mourning but moving forward and if there were any questions to let us know."&#13;
&#13;
Though Blevins didn&amp;#39;t contact the university, she said she wonders if security on campus will be increased. She wants to be safe but doesn&amp;#39;t want to have to walk through metal detectors to go to class.&#13;
&#13;
Stafford High School senior Marie Williams applied to Tech early decision for architecture and said she is still excited to start school in the fall - maybe even more now.&#13;
&#13;
Owczarski said no students who had already paid the $400 deposit - including those admitted during the early decision process - asked to withdraw their acceptances.&#13;
&#13;
"I think it&amp;#39;s great how the student body pulled together after the tragedy, and I know that while everyone is going through a very tough time right now, they will get through it," Williams said.&#13;
&#13;
-- &#13;
&#13;
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Gene Koo - April 21, 2007 @ 6:42 pm &amp;#183; Filed under &lt;a href="http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/vvvv/tag/code-code/"&gt;Code / Code&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;A report in today&amp;#39;s New York Times illustrates both the promise and the difficulties of (legal) code as (software) code (&lt;a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/21/us/21guns.html"&gt;U.S. Rules Made Killer Ineligible to Purchase Gun&lt;/a&gt;). Apparently, slight discrepancies between the wording of Virginia and federal laws that disqualify the "mentally defective" from purchasing a handgun created a gap that enabled Seung-Hui Cho to purchase the weapons he used to carry out his killing spree:&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;blockquote&gt;...[T]he form that Virginia courts use to notify state police about a mental health disqualification addresses only the state criteria, which list two potential categories that would warrant notification to the state police: someone who was "involuntarily committed" or ruled mentally "incapacitated."&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;However, Mr. Cho belonged to a third category: "determination by a court, board, commission or other lawful authority" that as a result of mental illness, the person is a "danger to himself or others." Thus, a special justice&amp;#39;s order that he seek outpatient care and that also declared him an imminent danger to himself was never transmitted to the federal system of handling background checks for handgun purchases.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;The article mentions Representative Carolyn McCarthy&amp;#39;s efforts to "automate their criminal history records so computer databases used to conduct background checks on gun buyers are more complete." McCarthy (who happens to represent my hometown) introduced in January &lt;a href="http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bill.xpd?tab=summary&amp;bill=h110-297"&gt;H.R. 297&lt;/a&gt;. The bill would require state officials to report disqualifications to the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) as well as provide funds to fund "establish or upgrade information and identification technologies for firearms eligibility determinations" and "improve the automation and transmittal to federal and state record repositories" disqualifying factors.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Monday&amp;#39;s tragedy offers an extreme example of what happens when jurisdictions fail to reconcile discrepancies in their laws. The answer, however, doesn&amp;#39;t really lie in information technology. Virginia laws didn&amp;#39;t match federal laws, no matter what the technological implementation; no amount of software coding would have changed that. IT can speed up the transfer of information, but an information pipe with no connection on the other side would still be a road to nowhere. Fixing state-federal disconnects will require more than just software code: it will take monkeying around with old-fashioned legal code.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;(See also &lt;a href="http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/anderkoo/2007/04/19/the-vanity-of-reason-making-sense-of-the-virginia-tech-tragedy/"&gt;my personal response to the Virginia Tech shootings&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;--&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Original Source: &lt;a href="http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/vvvv/2007/04/21/coding-gun-control/"&gt;http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/vvvv/2007/04/21/coding-gun-control/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
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                <text>&lt;a href=http://ignite-la.com&gt;Ignite-LA&lt;/a&gt;, a Southern California young adults ministry shows support for those at Virginia Tech by holding a special memorial service for those who lost their lives on April 16th.&#13;
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                <text>&lt;b&gt;Suzanne Goldenberg in Washington&#13;
Saturday April 21, 2007&lt;/b&gt;&#13;
&lt;a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/usguns/Story/0,,2062300,00.html"&gt;The Guardian&lt;/a&gt; &#13;
&#13;
Americans united in a collective day of mourning for the victims of the campus massacre yesterday, with church services and vigils from Capitol Hill to California.&#13;
Yesterday&amp;#39;s solemnities were centred on a moment of silence for the dead across the state of Virginia at noon after the governor, Tim Kaine, declared a day of mourning. Forty other states held vigils for the dead at the same time. "This has touched the globe," Mr Kaine told a memorial service . "The universality that we all suffer, we all grieve, has touched hearts around the world."&#13;
&#13;
The sombreness of the day was deepened by the knowledge that it was the anniversary of another school shooting - of 13 students and one teacher at Colorado&amp;#39;s Columbine high school in 1999.&#13;
&#13;
After days spent trying to decipher the motives behind Cho Seung-hui&amp;#39;s rampage, which left 32 dead before he turned the gun on himself, yesterday was given over to the victims.&#13;
&#13;
On the grassy expanse called the Drill Field at the heart of Virginia Tech campus, just outside Norris Hall, where Cho killed all but two of his victims, church bells tolled as students and professors gathered on a sunny day. Almost all the mourners wore the school colours of orange and maroon as they drew close to the makeshift memorial on the grass, a semi-circle of stones surrounding large placards covered with handwritten tributes to the dead, large wreaths and humble bouquets of flowers.&#13;
&#13;
Elsewhere in Virginia, bells chimed for each of Cho&amp;#39;s victims at an interfaith memorial at Virginia Commonwealth University. "The thing that matters most today is to remember the friends and families of those who lost loved ones," Virginia&amp;#39;s lieutenant governor, Bill Bolling, said.&#13;
&#13;
There were services at Washington&amp;#39;s national cathedral, as well as a moment of silence in the House of Representatives. In Santa Monica, California, Virginia Tech alumni were scheduled to hold a memorial service later in the day.&#13;
&#13;
The first of Cho&amp;#39;s victims was also buried yesterday in the Israeli town of Raanana, not far from Tel Aviv. Liviu Librescu, 76, was an expert on aerospace engineering and had taught at the university for more than 20 years. As a child in Romania, the professor had survived the Holocaust. On Monday, he was shot while shielding students from the gunman.&#13;
&#13;
Virginia&amp;#39;s coroner has yet to complete the identification and examination of all the bodies so that they can be released.&#13;
&#13;
However, some families have held small memorial ceremonies. Private services were held in Virginia on Thursday for Waleed Mohammed Shaalan, 32, an Egyptian who was pursuing a doctorate in engineering. He was married with a one-year-old son; his PhD supervisor was also among the dead.&#13;
&#13;
There were also services in Virginia for Partahi Lumbantoruan, 34, a teacher in his native Indonesia whose family sold land and cars for his tuition at the university. He came from a military family and was pursuing a doctorate in civil engineering.&#13;
&#13;
&lt;B&gt;On Guardian Unlimited&lt;/B&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A HREF="http://www.guardian.co.uk/usa/virginiashooting/"&gt;Full coverage of the Virginia Tech shootings&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A HREF="http://www.guardian.co.uk/usguns/0,,182056,00.html"&gt;Gun violence in the US&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A HREF="http://www.guardian.co.uk/gun/0,,178412,00.html"&gt;Gun violence in Britain&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A HREF="http://www.guardian.co.uk/usa/0,,759893,00.html"&gt;Full US coverage&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;B&gt;Related articles&lt;/B&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A HREF="http://www.guardian.co.uk/usguns/Story/0,,2059217,00.html"&gt;Virginia massacre gunman named&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A HREF="http://www.guardian.co.uk/usa/story/0,,2059103,00.html"&gt;Unofficial list of shooting victims emerges&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A HREF="http://www.guardian.co.uk/usa/story/0,,2058887,00.html"&gt;Massacre on campus&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A HREF="http://www.guardian.co.uk/usa/story/0,,2059250,00.html"&gt;Q&amp;A: US gun laws&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;B&gt;World news guide&lt;/B&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A HREF="http://www.guardian.co.uk/worldnewsguide/northamerica/0,,618255,00.html"&gt;North American Media&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;B&gt;Media&lt;/B&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A HREF="http://edition.cnn.com/"&gt;CNN&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A HREF="http://www.nytimes.com/"&gt;New York Times&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A HREF="http://www.washingtonpost.com/"&gt;Washington Post&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;B&gt;Government&lt;/B&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A HREF="http://www.state.va.us/cmsportal2/"&gt;Virginia state government portal&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A HREF="http://www.usa.gov/"&gt;US government portal&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A HREF="http://www.whitehouse.gov/"&gt;White House&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A HREF="http://www.senate.gov/"&gt;Senate&lt;/A&gt;&lt;BR&gt;&lt;A HREF="http://www.house.gov/"&gt;House of Representatives&lt;/A&gt;&#13;
&#13;
Copyright Guardian News &amp; Media Ltd 2007.&#13;
--&#13;
Original Source:&lt;a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/usguns/Story/0,,2062300,00.html"&gt;http://www.guardian.co.uk/usguns/Story/0,,2062300,00.html&lt;/a&gt;&#13;
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                <text>By Paul Gately&#13;
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&#13;
BOURNE - A Cataumet mother and daughter found themselves in the building adjacent to where a 23-year-old student went on a shooting rampage on the Virginia Tech campus in Blacksburg, Va. Monday.&#13;
&#13;
Ellen Mattingly Driscoll of Cataumet and her daughter Marianna, a Bishop Stang High School student, were on the Virginia Tech campus checking in with the admissions office prior to touring the campus.&#13;
&#13;
Mother and daughter were unaware of the first shootings earlier in the morning. "It was business as usual on campus until the second shooting began even after the first had occurred," Ellen Driscoll said. "Surprisingly there wasn&amp;#39;t a big police presence after the first shooting."&#13;
&#13;
"We were in admissions when we started hearing popping," she said. "We didn&amp;#39;t think too much of it. A woman leading the tour, who was trying to sell the campus to parents, finally said: &amp;#39;Oh, there&amp;#39;s someone out there with a weapon.&amp;#39; We didn&amp;#39;t think about what might be happening. But within minutes we heard volleys of shots. There were two loud volleys. Then there was lots of screaming. Then shouts of &amp;#39;get out!&amp;#39;"&#13;
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&#13;
--&#13;
&#13;
Original Source: The Upper Cape Codder&#13;
&lt;a href="http://www.townonline.com/bourne/homepage/x1849893534"&gt;http://www.townonline.com/bourne/homepage/x1849893534&lt;/a&gt;&#13;
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                <text>&lt;b&gt;Outside the Box with the Managing Editor&lt;/b&gt;&#13;
&#13;
By: Jeremy Stern&#13;
Posted: 5/7/07&#13;
&#13;
I have been looking forward all year to writing this, my final column. A last hurrah before I graduate. An opportunity to thank all those who have helped me get to where I am today: my professors, parents, wife, God, yadda yadda yadda... But then 27 college students and five of their professors were gunned down in Virginia, and Yeshiva students barely stirred.&#13;
&#13;
It took a day and a half before any sort of response took place on either of our undergraduate campuses; two days before a respectable, public commemoration. On Monday morning the blood of 32 victims smeared the walls of dormitories and classrooms at V-Tech. Not until Tuesday night did fewer than two dozen Yeshiva students find it important enough to take twenty minutes out of Night Seder for a prayer rally.&#13;
&#13;
I know that people are murdered every day. 104 American soldiers died in Iraq during the month of April alone, and who knows how many tens of thousands are suffering today in Darfur. But the Middle East and Northern Africa are distant, with unfamiliar victims with whom we have difficulty relating. That leaves us with no excuse when the deadliest shooting in U.S. history is perpetrated on an American college campus.&#13;
&#13;
How can we explain our silence, when thousands of our peers at NYU, Columbia, Brandeis, and Penn responded within 24 hours with arrangements for candlelight vigils, memorial services, solidarity rallies, and condolence books? If there is one thing that we do well, it&amp;#39;s Tehillim (Psalms) rallies. Why was one not organized for the Main Beit Midrash at 12 p.m. on Tuesday?&#13;
&#13;
I was appalled at the lackadaisical response from some student leaders to requests for immediate action. Lest you think urgent coordination was impossible, by 6 p.m. on Monday afternoon - only a few hours after the last bullet was fired - the Yeshiva Security Department sent out a blast email notifying the campus community that, in conjunction with the New York Police Department, precautions were being taken to heighten overall campus security. On the other hand, President Joel&amp;#39;s sincere and eloquent email to the president of Virginia Tech took more than two days before arriving in our Inboxes. (For comparison, 29 ystuds were sent out in the interim.)&#13;
&#13;
We are talking about college students and professors. These were not foreign people with aspirations wholly different from our own. At the very least, this tragedy should arouse our concern for our own campus safety. Massacres like this are notorious for copycats who yearn to have their names on the front page of newspapers nationwide, and Yeshiva, as a yeshiva, could be a primary target.&#13;
&#13;
But, I expect more from us than self-centered concern. We must empathize because these victims were part of the greater collegiate community. As sensitive human beings, and as sensitized religious Jews, we must feel their pain because of our shared experience. Just as we expect more from Israel than any other country to serve as a safe-haven for Sudan&amp;#39;s refugees who have fled for their lives, we must expect more from ourselves because this tragedy occurred to people who are much like us. If we are not empathetic, then how does that speak of the enhanced morality which our Torah learning is meant to instill within us?&#13;
&#13;
Sure, some of us eventually prayed, and a meaningful moment of silence was held at the Town Hall Meeting, but what was our initial instinct? Were we shocked and gripped by pain? Did we stop what we were doing and, perhaps, cry? What explains our anesthetized state?&#13;
&#13;
The problem is with our identification, or lack thereof. Because some of us do not view ourselves as members of a "real" university or a "real" college, we fail to identify with the broader community of college students. Yeshiva certainly provides a distinctive undergraduate experience compared with that of other universities, but that dissimilarity makes it no less real. Were we only to appreciate our differences as attributes, would we begin to realize that a world exists, of which we are an integral part, outside of the bubble at 185th and Amsterdam or 34th and Lex.&#13;
&#13;
We have a lot to be proud of. When I transferred here from Brandeis five semesters ago, I could not imagine the opportunities which Yeshiva would provide for me. The relationships which I have established with peers and professors, the academic excellence to which I have been exposed, and the enriching environment which has encouraged me to thrive have truly exceeded my expectations.&#13;
&#13;
Every Wednesday of the school year for the past four semesters I have led campus tours for prospective students and their parents. I conclude every tour as follows. Since arriving on campus almost four years ago, President Joel has inspired all aspects of the university to no longer subsist on mediocrity but rather to strive for greatness. I consider myself fortunate to attend Yeshiva now and not four years ago, because I have benefited tremendously from President Joel&amp;#39;s initiatives and leadership. However, I am truly jealous of the students who will be here in another four years, because the school will certainly be that much better.&#13;
&#13;
I am confident that President Joel&amp;#39;s vision of the big tent will soon materialize, with the student body&amp;#39;s recognition that it cannot stand idly by while blood is spilled on other college campuses.&#13;
&#13;
-- &#13;
&#13;
Original Source: &lt;a href=http://media.www.yucommentator.com/media/storage/paper652/news/2007/05/07/Editorials/Collegiate.Solidarity-2892422.shtml&gt; The Commentator - May 7, 2007&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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